Atherosclerosis is caused due to narrowing of arteriolar lumen caused due to deposition of fats, cholesterol, calcium and fibrous tissue in the lumen walls. Hence foods rich in these nutrients such as milk, fish must be avoided.

The partial pressure of carbondioxide in the alveoli is 40 mm Hg. The partial pressure of carbondioxide in the deoxygenated blood in the capillaries is about 45 mm Hg.

The cause of the disorders are-

A) Silicosis – occurs due to the chronic exposure of silica

B) Byssinosis – occurs to workers in the cotton industry

C) Pneumoconiosis – occurs to workers in the coal mining industry

The Labial frenulum often attaches to the center of the upper lip and between the upper two front teeth. This can cause a large gap and gum recession by pulling the gums off the bone. A labial frenectomy removes the labial frenulum.

Insulin is a polypeptide hormone. It has two chains of 21 and 30 amino acids connected by two disulphide bonds. It is activated by enzymatic bio transformations and impaired by deficiency of Vitamin C. Insulin promotes cellular uptake of vitamin C. Vitamin C raises blood sugar level but also may help in reducing high blood pressure.

Diuretics are those drugs that increase the rate of urine flow. Some naturally occurring diuretics are coffee, tea, wine, cola, bear, mixed drinks etc., which inhibits the secretion of ADH causing the formation of dilute urine. Cyclosporin is an immunosuppressant drug used for the purpose of organ transplantation.

Neuromuscular junctions have nerve ending in muscles. Such nerves control the muscle contraction by their efferent motor impulses. Any muscle can be under nervous control.

The basophilic granules found in the cyton are formed of endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes. These are the sites for protein synthesis.

• Cones only operate in the bright light and enables us to see colors.
• The photosynthetic pigment in the cones is of three types namely-Porpyrosin, Iodopsin, and Cyanopsin which give the response to red, green and blue light respectively.
• The sensation of different colors are produced by the various combination of these three types of cones and their photo pigments.
• When the three types of cones are stimulated equally, a sensation of white light is produced.

When frog is pricked by a sharp needle it is most likely to move the leg that is being pricked as a result of reflex action.