Blood pressure is checked using both sphygmomanometer and stethoscope to hear the heart beat and for proper measurement.

• Pleural pressure is the pressure of the fluid in the thin space between the lung pleura and the chest wall pleura.
• This is normally a slight suction. Therefore it is a slightly negative pressure.
• The normal pleural pressure at beginning of inspiration is about -5 cm of water which is the amount of suction required to hold lungs open to their resting level.

Asthma shows the given symptoms. Emphysema leads to decrease in alveolar surface thereby decreasing surface for exchange of gases. Pleurisy shows inflammation of pleural membranes. 
Tuberculosis shows symptoms like cough with blood containing sputum, fever, etc.

Somatotropin is a growth hormone which his secreted by the anterior lobe of pituitary. It is produced in the acidophil cells of the anterior pituitary. This hormone promotes the movement and incorporation of the amino acids into the cell and protein respectively thus promoting overall tissue and organ growth.

Tyrosine is an aromatic amino acid which contains OH group. Thyroxine or T4 contains four atoms of iodine. It is a water soluble hormone. Thyroxine is synthesized by attaching iodine to tyrosine amino acid.

1. Protein- energy malnutrition (PEM) is a fatal body depletion disorder which is the leading cause of death in children in developing countries. 
2. Sometimes a person has indigestion for which a cause cannot be found and this type of indigestion, called functional dyspepsia. 
3. Kwashiorkor, also known as protein- energy malnutrition, is a form of PEM characterized primarily by protein deficiency. 
4. Primarily caused by energy deficiency, Marasmus is characterized by stunted growth and wasting of muscle and tissue.

• Nyctalopia also called night-blindness is a condition making it difficult or impossible to see in the relatively low light. It is a symptom of several eye diseases.
• Night blindness may exist from birth, or be caused by injury or malnutrition (for example, vitamin A deficiency).
• Vitamin A is essential for vision, growth, differentiation of epithelial tissue.
• Night Blindness can be described as insufficient adaptation to darkness.

Peristalsis is involuntary movements of gut by which food bolus is moved backward. It includes two movements-

1. Pendular movements- ring like contractions moving backward and forward over short length of intestine to mix food and digestive juices.

2. Haustrations- segmenting movement of colon of large intestine which helps in absorption of water and minerals from faeces.

The presence of glucose in the urine causes glucosuria. Presence of red blood cells causes hematuria. High levels of ketone bodies cause ketonuria. But the white blood cells are not excreted into the urine even in diseased condition.

Glomerular filtration occurs when whole blood enters the afferent arteriole and the glomerulus. Due to the blood pressure in glomerulus water and small molecules move from the glomerulus to the inside of the glomerular capsule facilitating filtration.