The correct answer is option 2, i.e. Prime Minister.

• Prime Minister heads the National Development Council.
• The council includes all Union Ministers, Chief Ministers of all States and Administrators of Union Territories.

Planning Commission

1. The Planning Commission was set up by a Resolution of the Government of India in March 1950 in pursuance of declared objectives of the Government to promote a rapid rise in the standard of living of the people by efficient exploitation of the resources of the country, increasing production and offering opportunities to all for employment in the service of the community.
2. The Planning Commission was charged with the responsibility of making assessments of all resources of the country, augmenting deficient resources, formulating plans for the most effective and balanced utilization of resources and determining priorities.

• Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Chairman of the Planning Commission.
• The first Five-year Plan was launched in 1951 and two subsequent five-year plans were formulated until 1965 when there was a break because of the Indo-Pakistan Conflict. Two successive years of drought, devaluation of the currency, a general rise in prices, and erosion of resources disrupted the planning process and after three Annual Plans between 1966 and 1969, the fourth Five-year plan was started in 1969.
• The Eighth Plan could not take off in 1990 due to the fast-changing political situation at the Centre and the years 1990-91 and 1991-92 were treated as Annual Plans. The Eighth Plan was finally launched in 1992 after the initiation of structural adjustment policies.
• For the first eight Plans, the emphasis was on a growing public sector with massive investments in basic and heavy industries, but since the launch of the Ninth Plan in 1997, the emphasis on the public sector has become less pronounced and the current thinking on planning in the country, in general, is that it should increasingly be of an indicative nature.

NOTE- The Prime Minister is the Chairman of the Planning Commission, which works under the overall guidance of the National Development Council. The Deputy Chairman and the full-time members of the Commission, as a composite body, provide advice and guidance to the subject Divisions for the formulation of Five Year Plans, Annual Plans, State Plans, Monitoring Plan Programmes, Projects and Schemes.

About the Five-Year Plans for economic growth:

• Right after the independence, the immediate sets of actions involved making available the basic amenities to the entire population, a majority of the population was poor in the country.
• The government formed the Planning Commission in 1951, with the purpose to design the five-year plans for the overall development of the country, given the prevailing conditions back then.
• The 1^st five-year plan started from 1951-55, consecutively followed by the second five-year plan from 1956-61 and so on.
• The five-year plans, were, however, skipped for three consecutive years from 1966 to 1969 and then 1990-91 and 1991-92. The plans followed in the given years were called annual plans.
• In total there have been 12 five-year plans, ending this system of planning in 2017.

Question Statements:

Thus, given the above information, only 1st statement matches correctly. So the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is Green Revolution.

Important Points

• MS Swaminathan was a geneticist.
• He is remembered as he had introduced a high-yielding variety of wheat.
• Book "The Quest for a World Without Hunger" was released by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on MS Swaminathan. 
• Green Revolution made the country self-reliant in foodgrain production. 
• Post Green Revolution, there is an increase in the use of chemical fertilizers and irrigation water to meet the nutrients and water demand respectively, of high yielding varieties (HYVs) of crops.

Additional Information

• Twelfth (12th) Five Year Plan (FYP) was the last official Five Year Plan of India.
• The period of the plan was from 2012-2017.
• The first priority of the Twelfth Plan was to bring the economy back to rapid growth while ensuring that the growth is both inclusive and sustainable. 
• The broad vision and aspirations which the Twelfth Plan seeks to fulfill were reflected in the subtitle: ‘Faster, Sustainable, and More Inclusive Growth’.

About FYPs:-​

• INDIA’S FIRST FIVE YEAR PLAN covered the period from April 1951 through March 1956; the Second Five Year Plan covers the period from April 1956 through March 1961.
• The main objectives of planning in India are, broadly, to double real national income in less than 20 years and to double the per capita income in 25 years.
• During the First Plan period, national income was expected to rise by 11–12 per cent; the actual increase was over 18 per cent, despite a shortfall in Plan outlays.
• The success of the First Plan, under conditions of economic and financial stability, prompted more ambitious goals and a bolder approach in formulating the Second Plan.
• The main objectives of the Second Plan are an increase of 25 per cent in real national income over the five-year period 1956–57 to 1960–61; a large expansion of employment opportunities; rapid industrialization; and reduction of economic inequalities.
• The emphasis on the development of industry and transport is greater than in the First Plan.
• The main problem is to step up the rate of investment in the economy.

The correct answer is A plan made by the leading Indian Industrialists for the development of the Indian Economy.

Key Points

• The Bombay Plan is the name commonly given to a World War II-era set of proposals for the development of the post-independence economy of India. The plan, published in 1944/1945 by eight leading Indian industrialists, proposed state intervention in the economic development of the nation after independence from the United Kingdom (which took place in 1947).
• The Bombay plan was a set of proposal of a small group of influential business leaders in Bombay for the development of the post-independence economy of India. This plan was published in two parts or volume- first in 1944 and second in 1945.
• The prime objectives of the plan were to achieve a balanced economy and to raise the standard of living of the masses of the population rapidly by doubling the present per capita income within a period of 15 years from the time the plan goes into operation.
• This plan envisages that the economy could not grow without government intervention and regulation. In other words, the future government protects indigenous industries against foreign competition in local markets.

The correct answer is Gobind Sagar.

Key Points

• Gobind Sagar is the name of the reservoir of the Bhakra-Nangal Dam.
• Gobind Sagar Lake is a reservoir situated in the Una and Bilaspur districts of Himachal Pradesh.
  • It is formed by the Bhakra Dam.
  • The reservoir is on the river Sutlej and is named in honor of Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Sikh guru.
  • One of the world's highest gravity dams, the Bhakra dam rises nearly 225.5 m above its lowest foundations.
  • Under the supervision of the American dam-builder, Harvey Slocum, work began in 1955 and was completed in 1962.
  • To maintain the water level, the flow of the river Beas was channelized to Gobind Sagar by the Beas-Sutlej link which was accomplished in 1976.

Additional Information

• The reservoir lies in the Bilaspur District and Una District.
  • Bilaspur is about 91 km away from the Bhakra Dam.
  • Its name was given by the Former Chairman of PSEB SardarJi Harbans Singh Somal, in honor of 10th Guru Gobind Singh Ji.
  • In October and November, when the water level of the reservoir is high, a series of regattas are organized by the Tourism and Civil Aviation department.
  • Gobind Sagar was declared a waterfowl refuge in 1962.
• On the Indian Narmada River, the Sardar Sarovar Dam (SSD) is located in the village of Kevadia in Gujarat.
  • It is one of the country's largest and most contentious multipurpose river valley infrastructure development projects.
  • Auxiliary works including a 1,450MW power complex are also part of the Sardar Sarovar Project (SSP).
  • In 2010-2011, SSP was expected to have cost INR400 billion, up from an initial estimate of INR64 billion in 1988.

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

• Verghese Kurien was an Indian engineer and entrepreneur who was regarded as the architect of India’s “white revolution,” which transformed the country from an importer of dairy products to the world’s largest milk producer through a system of farmer cooperatives.The cooperative’s chairman, Sri
• Tribhuvandas Patel, asked Kurien to help strengthen the organization. Kurien became manager of the cooperative (which later came to be called Amul and became one of the largest food producers in India).
• Ch. Charan Singh was an Indian politician who served briefly as prime minister (1979–80). Charan Singh opposed Jawaharlal Nehru on his socialist sytle economic reforms. in his opinion, cooperative farms would not succeed in India. Being a son of a farmer, Charan Singh advocated that the right of ownership was important to the farmer in remaining a cultivator.
• He wanted to preserve and stabilize a system of peasant proprietorship. Charan Singh's political career suffered due to his open criticism of Nehru's economic policy.
• His association with causes dear to farming communities in India caused his memorial in New Delhi to be named Kisan Ghat.
• When Famine hit Bihar in 1966-67, the government had “zoning” policies that prohibited the trade of food across states; this reduced the availability of food in Bihar dramatically.
• Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis was an Indian statistician who devised the Mahalanobis distance and was instrumental in formulating India’s strategy for industrialization in the Second Five-Year Plan (1956–61).
• He was also a member of the Planning Commission of India from 1955 to 1967. The Planning Commission’s Second Five-Year Plan encouraged the development of heavy industry in India and relied on Mahalanobis’s mathematical description of the Indian economy, which later became known as the Mahalanobis model.

The correct answer is Rural Industrialization.

Key Points

• J. C. Kumarappa​
  • J. C. Kumarappa was an Indian economist and a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi.
  • He was a pioneer of rural economic development theories.
  • He proposed a blueprint that laid greater emphasis on rural industrialization.
  • Kumarappa is credited for developing economic theories based on Gandhism – a school of economic thought he coined "Gandhian economics.​

Additional Information

• The 'Golden Fibre Revolution' is related to 'Jute Production'.
• The 'Green Revolution' is related to 'Agriculture Production'.
• The 'Black Revolution' is related to 'Petroleum Production'.
• The 'White Revolution is related to 'Milk Production'.

• First Five Year Plan was based on the Harrod-Domar model. The Harrod–Domar model is a classical Keynesian model of economic growth and is used in development of economics to explain an economy's growth rate.