The correct answer is to minimize harm

Key Points

• Members of the Society of Professional Journalists believe that public enlightenment is the forerunner of justice and the foundation of democracy. 
• Ethical journalism strives to ensure the free exchange of information that is accurate, fair, and thorough.
• An ethical journalist acts with integrity.

Seek Truth and Report It

• Ethical journalism should be accurate and fair. Journalists should be honest and courageous in gathering, reporting, and interpreting information.
• Journalists should:
• Take responsibility for the accuracy of their work.
• Verify information before releasing it. Use original sources whenever possible.
• Remember that neither speed nor format excuses inaccuracy. 
• Provide context. Take special care not to misrepresent or oversimplify in promoting, previewing, or summarizing a story.
• Gather, update and correct information throughout the life of a news story. 
• Be cautious when making promises, but keep the promises they make. 
• Identify sources clearly. The public is entitled to as much information as possible to judge the reliability and motivations of sources. 

Minimize Harm

• Ethical journalism treats sources, subjects, colleagues, and members of the public as human beings deserving of respect.
• Journalists should:
• Balance the public’s need for information against potential harm or discomfort.
• Pursuit of the news is not a license for arrogance or undue intrusiveness.
• Show compassion for those who may be affected by news coverage.
• Use heightened sensitivity when dealing with juveniles, victims of sex crimes, and sources or subjects who are inexperienced or unable to give consent.
• Consider cultural differences in approach and treatment. 
• Recognize that legal access to information differs from an ethical justification to publish or broadcast.
• Realize that private people have a greater right to control information about themselves than public figures and others who seek power, influence, or attention.
• Weigh the consequences of publishing or broadcasting personal information.
• Avoid pandering to lurid curiosity, even if others do.

Act Independently

• The highest and primary obligation of ethical journalism is to serve the public.
• Journalists should:
• Avoid conflicts of interest, real or perceived. Disclose unavoidable conflicts.
• Refuse gifts, favors, fees, free travel, and special treatment, and avoid political and other outside activities that may compromise integrity or impartiality, or may damage credibility. 
• Be wary of sources offering information for favors or money; do not pay for access to news. Identify content provided by outside sources, whether paid or not. 
• Deny favored treatment to advertisers, donors, or any other special interests, and resist internal and external pressure to influence coverage. 
• Distinguish news from advertising and shun hybrids that blur the lines between the two. Prominently label sponsored content.

Be Accountable and Transparent

• Ethical journalism means taking responsibility for one’s work and explaining one’s decisions to the public.
• Journalists should:
• Explain ethical choices and processes to audiences. Encourage a civil dialogue with the public about journalistic practices, coverage and news content. 
• Respond quickly to questions about accuracy, clarity and fairness.
• Acknowledge mistakes and correct them promptly and prominently. Explain corrections and clarifications carefully and clearly. 
• Expose unethical conduct in journalism, including within their organizations.
• Abide by the same high standards they expect of others.

The correct answer is social networking sites (SNSs)

Key Points

• A social networking service or SNSs (sometimes called a social networking site) is an online platform.
• This allows users to build a public or semipublic profile, create a network of connections to other people, and view other people’s profiles and networks of connections.
• Social networking services vary in format and the number of features.
• They can incorporate a range of new information and communication tools, operating on desktops and on laptops, on mobile devices such as tablet computers and smartphones.
• This may feature digital photo/video/sharing and diary entries online.
• Online community services are sometimes considered social-network services by developers and users.
• A social-network service usually provides an individual-centered service whereas online community services are groups centered.
• Social networking sites allow users to share ideas, digital photos and videos, and posts and inform others about online or real-world activities and events with people within their social network.

One can categorize social-network services into four types:

• Socialization social network services are used primarily for socializing with existing friends (e.g., Facebook, Instagram)
• Online social networks are decentralized and distributed computer networks where users communicate with each other through internet services.
• Networking social network services are used primarily for non-social interpersonal communication (e.g., LinkedIn, a career- and employment-oriented site)
• Social navigation social network services are used primarily for helping users to find specific information or resources (e.g., Goodreads for books, Reddit)

The correct answer is Websites

Key Points

• RSS stands for Really Simple Syndication, and it offers an easy way to stay up to date on new content from websites you care about.
• An RSS feed is a file that contains a summary of updates from a website, often in the form of a list of articles with links.
• Fundamentally, RSS is simply an XML text file.
• It's created by a website publisher and contains a running list of articles or other content published by the site, with the newest entry always at the top of the list.
• Each entry contains details like the article's title, description, and link to the content.
• This content is distributed in real-time so that the top results on the RSS feed are always the latest published content for a website.

The correct answer is Word of Mouth Marketing Association

Key Points

• The Word of Mouth Marketing Association (WOMMA) is the official trade association dedicated to word of mouth and social media marketing.
• It was Founded in 2004.
• WOMMA is the leader in ethical word-of-mouth marketing practices through its education such as the WOMMA Summit, professional development opportunities, and knowledge sharing with top industry marketers.
• WOMMA’s membership is made up of the most innovative companies committed to progressing the word of mouth marketing industry through advocacy, education, and ethics.
• Each year, WOMMA hosts a 3-day agenda-packed conference offering presentations from top industry marketers and thought leaders,
• opportunities to network with Fortune 500 brands, and the chance to share and learn with others dedicated to engaging customers online in a meaningful way.

The correct answer is Picture in picture feature for video calling

Key Points

• WhatsApp has lately been trying its hands-on different features on its platform.
• Last year, the Facebook-owned messaging app rolled out a testing version of the picture-in-picture feature for video calling on Android O.
• Now, WhatsApp has rolled out the support for picture-in-picture mode to its users across the globe. Apart from that, the company has also added the ability to put the text as a status message.
• The first feature is called picture-in-picture.
• After rolling out the picture-in-picture (PIP) video calls to beta users of its app, WhatsApp has now rolled out the feature to everyone.
• This means both Android and iOS users will now be able to minimize the video calling window and move it around while browsing through other messages in the background.
• When in a video call, you can tap back to continue the video call in picture-in-picture mode.
• The picture-in-picture video calls update will only be available for Android users whose smartphones have been updated to Android 8.0 Oreo.
• For iOS users, the feature works fine on iOS 10.
• The second feature allows you to post text-only updates to your status. The status, just like the photos and videos will be visible for a time interval of 24 hours.

The correct answer is DVD

Key Points

• Personal media is any form of media designed for use by a specific person.
• Personal media can also denote person-to-person communications, such as speech, gestures, mail, and telephony. 
• In other words, personal media allow individuals, as opposed to corporate entities, to contribute knowledge and opinion to the public.
• Personal media is so named because users are freer to choose the media content,
• To which they want to be exposed, to generate their own content, comment on and link to other content, and share content with others.
• In terms of devices, the label personal media entered regular usage in the late 1970s.
• When the personal computer was first being produced and plans were in the works to create even more personal (and portable) computing devices.
• The 1980s saw an explosion of personal media devices such as the Walkman, the VCR, the camcorder, the cell phone, and the personal computer.
• Personal media crossed the line to new and social media with the growing accessibility of the Internet and digital media.

The correct answer is All of the above

Key Points

• The definition given by Wright, Winter, and Zeigler advertising is- “Controlled identified information and persuasion by means of mass communication media”.

Information:

• The advertiser provides information to a person who is seeking it.
• Surely, advertising is the most efficient means of reaching people with product or service information.
• ‘Presentation’ and promotion however hardly suggest an active attempt to influence people to action or belief by an overt appeal to reason or emotions.

Controlled:

• The word “Controlled” provides an important distinction between advertising and either personal selling or publicity.
• The content, time, and direction of an advertising message are controlled by the advertiser.

Identifiable:

• This word is used in preference to such terms as “by an identified sponsor” to indicate that the receiver of the advertising message is able to identify both source and purpose.
• The source is responsible for the message and recognizes or should recognize that its purpose is to persuade the receiver to accept the ideas or opinions it presents.

Mass Communication Media:

• It is designed to separate personal selling and advertising and also to convey the concept of multiple messages delivered to groups of people simultaneously.

The correct answer is High involvement

Key Points

• A man buying his wedding suite material is an example of High involvement.
• Consumers buy either products or services.
• While making such purchases, consumers display high or low involvement.
• High-involvement products are those that represent the consumer’s personality, status, and justifying lifestyle; for example, buying a home theatre.
• By contrast, low- involvement products are those that reflect routine purchase decisions; for example, buying a candy or an ice cream.

Features/Characteristics of High-involvement Products:

High price:

• Where the products are highly-priced consumers display high involvement; for example, buying a designer product.
• When buying a Mercedes car, a consumer displays high involvement, but not when buying a second-hand car.

Technical features:

• When a consumer is buying products having complex features then they spend time getting themselves familiarized with the product, which shows high involvement.
• Such products include computers, refrigerators, washing machines, TVs, music systems, cars, DVDs, and so on.
• Manufacturers provide product manuals to facilitate easy understanding of the product.

Major differences between alternatives:

• High involvement is caused when the consumer notices major differences between alternatives;
• For example, Swiss and Chinese wristwatches.
• Consumers spend more time evaluating the difference to arrive at the right decision.

Projection of self:

• Some consumers are very specific about what they buy;
• For example, if a con­sumer claims that he uses only branded products, it means the consumer is ready to pay more for the brand and convince himself that he is not a run-of-the-mill type buyer.
• As self-image is more dominating than the price of the product, the consumer intentionally pays more because he is ruled by variety and money power.

The correct answer is ​Advertisement

Key Points

• The advertisement brings the product to the attention of potential customers.
• Advertising allows marketers to repeat a message at intervals selected strategically.
• Repetition makes it more likely that the target audience will see and recall a message, which improves awareness-building results.
• Advertising can generate drama and human interest by featuring people and situations that are exciting or engaging.
• It can introduce emotions, images, and symbols that stimulate desire, and it can show how a product or brand compares favorably to competitors.
• Finally, advertising is an excellent vehicle for brand building, as it can create rational and emotional connections with a company or offering that translate into goodwill.
• As advertising becomes more sophisticated with digital media
• It is a powerful tool for tracking consumer behaviors, interests, and preferences, allowing advertisers to better tailor content and offers to individual consumers. 
• Through the power of digital media, memorable or entertaining advertising can be shared between friends and go viral—and viewer impressions skyrocket.

The correct answer is ​Demographic targeting

Key Points

• As targeted advertising grows, online platforms get more and more data about their users and can offer advertisers different types of targeting.

Here are the most popular of them:

• Demographic targeting: This type of targeted advertising focuses on the audience’s characteristics – age, gender, salary, nationality, and more.
• Behavioral targeting: The core of this type is potential customers’ on-site and purchasing behavior. Platforms assemble data on the items users browse through and show ads according to them.
• Contextual targeting: Contextual targeting implies displaying ads based on a website’s content. For instance, a publisher may show toy advertising on a parenting website.
• Geographic targeting: This type focuses on the potential buyer’s location.
• Time targeting: The base for these ads are periods when users show the highest online activity. For example, ads occur from 4 PM to 8 PM, when people typically travel home from work.
• Device targeting: Advertisers can target potential customers according to the device they use.

The correct answer is ​Selling

Key Points

• Jagdish N Sheth in an article published in the Journal of Advertising has suggested a broader framework for advertising functions.

He described the functions as follows:

1. Precipitation

• Advertisement performs the function by stimulating needs and wants and creating general awareness.
• It primarily focuses on what the product or services can do, offer, or provide.

2. Persuasion

• Comparative advertising generates persuasion.
• The consumer knows about the product or service and that often leads consumers to purchase the product Persuasion may be through different appeals like love, fear, shame, humor, etc.

3. Reinforcement

• Advertisements reassure consumers that they have made a wise decision by buying a product or service.
• This generates a good feeling and serves the function of reinforcement.

4. Reminder

• An effort is made through advertisements to keep the com­pany or brand name always fresh in the memory of the target audience.

The correct answer is Institutional Advertising 

Key Points

• Public service announcements (PSAs) are a category of institutional advertising.
• It is focused on social-welfare issues such as drunk driving, drug use, and practicing a healthy lifestyle. 
• Usually, PSAs are sponsored by nonprofit organizations and government agencies with a vested interest in the causes they promote.

Institutional Advertising 

• Institutional advertising goes beyond products to promote organizations, issues, places, events, and political figures.
• These ads are directed at creating a good public image of a company.
• The ads focus on the organization’s work in areas of research, development, and quality control.
• Often the ads concentrate on the social work done by the company through its sponsorship of educational, cultural, and sports events.
• The purpose of these ads is to sell a positive image of the company rather than a product manufactured by the company.

Objectives of Institutional Advertising

• The first and foremost objective of Institutional Advertising is to promote the image of a business as a whole rather than of a single product or service.
• The business also tries to promote its mission, vision as well as philosophies, and principles.
• Institutional advertising is also an effective way to create and maintain goodwill about the organization in the market.
• Organizations also use this kind of advertising to promote good qualities such as reliability, low prices, or good customer care, that distinguish them from their competitors.

The correct answer is Brochures

Key PointsOutdoor Advertising

• Outdoor advertising is also a very popular form of advertising.
• It makes use of several tools and techniques to attract customers outdoors.
• The most common examples of outdoor advertising are billboards, kiosks, hoardings, flex, and also trade-shows organized by the company.
• Billboard advertising is very popular.
• However, it has to be really catchy in order to grab the attention of the passersby.
• Kiosks not only provide an easy outlet for the company’s products but also make for an effective advertising tool to promote the company’s products.
• Organizing special events or sponsoring them makes an excellent advertising opportunity and strategy.
• The company can organize trade fairs or even exhibitions for advertising their products.
• For instance, a company that manufactures sports utilities can sponsor a sports tournament to advertise its products.
   

Additional Information

• Brochures are a print form of advertising.
• Print media has always been a popular advertising option.
• Advertising done via newspapers or magazines is a common practice.

The correct answer is Internet etiquette

Key Points

• Netiquette is a word for Internet etiquette.
• It comes from ‘network’ and ‘etiquette’.
• Netiquette sets the rules for maintaining a positive social environment online. 

Core Rules of Netiquette

Respect other people's time and bandwidth

• Electronic communication takes time: time to read and time in which to respond.
• Most people today lead busy lives, just like you do, and don't have time to read or respond to frivolous emails or discussion posts.
• As a virtual world communicator, it is your responsibility to make sure that the time spent reading your words isn't wasted.
• Make your written communication meaningful and to the point, without extraneous text or superfluous graphics, or attachments that may take forever to download.

Remember the Human

• When communicating electronically, whether through email, instant message, discussion post, text, or some other method, practice the Golden Rule:
• Do unto others as you would have others do unto you.
• Remember, your written words are read by real people, all deserving respectful communication.
• Before you press "send" or "submit," ask yourself, "Would I be okay with this if someone else had written it?"

Adhere to the same standards of behavior online that you follow in real life:

• While it can be argued that standards of behavior may be different in the virtual world, they certainly should not be lower.
• You should do your best to act within the laws and ethical manners of society whenever you inhabit "cyberspace."
• Would you behave rudely to someone face-to-face? On most occasions, no. Neither should you behave this way in the virtual world.

Respect other people's privacy

• Another important netiquette rule for online etiquette is valuing other people’s privacy.
• Receiving confidential information comes with responsibility.
• It can be very tempting and easy to forward an email or image, but you must never compromise your colleague’s or company’s privacy. Without permission, never make the confidential information public in cyberspace.
• And only share information with people it concerns.
• This is a very important netiquette rule for students.

The correct answer is All of the above

Key Points

• Since technology is improving, the threat and attacks against the technology are also increasing.
• Cyber security is the practice of defending computers, servers, mobile devices, electronic systems, networks, and data from malicious attacks.
• It's also known as information technology security or electronic information security. 
• The term applies in a variety of contexts, from business to mobile computing, and can be divided into a few common categories.
• Cloud Security: Provides security for the data stored in the cloud.
• Network security is the practice of securing a computer network from intruders, whether targeted attackers or opportunistic malware.
• Application security focuses on keeping software and devices free of threats.
• A compromised application could provide access to the data it's designed to protect.
• Successful security begins in the design stage, well before a program or device is deployed.
• Information security protects the integrity and privacy of data, both in storage and in transit.

The correct answer is Facebook

Key Points

• Social networking giant Facebook has introduced tools and educational resources to help people in India who may be struggling with self-injury or experiencing suicidal thoughts.
• These tools are already available in countries like the US, Australia, New Zealand, and the UK.
• Vulnerable users will then be encouraged to connect to the AASRA India helpline or the Live Love Laugh Foundation or a friend or seek self-help advice from resources and tips provided on how they can work through these feelings.
• Facebook has also introduced a 'Help a Friend in Need' guide to help people identify when someone is distressed and what steps to take to get help.
• The guide also offers suggestions on how to approach their friend, what to say, how to react, and what to avoid.
• It gives people the skills to reach out without fear of making the situation worse.
• The guide will be available in English, Hindi, Bengali, Kannada, Malayalam, Punjabi, Sinhalese, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, and Marathi.

The correct answer is Connecting

Key Points

• A radio bridge means connecting different stations throughout the length and breadth of the country.
• In this technique, for example, an expert sitting in Chennai can interact with the common man in the studio in Delhi.
• This format was first used by All India Radio during elections.
   

Additional Information

• India has taken giant leaps in the field of information technology and radio as a medium has taken a lead in applying information technology in its broadcasts.
• Radio on the internet is a growing phenomenon with thousands of radio stations operating through computer modems.
• Now all the national and international radio stations like BBC, Voice of America, and All India Radio are available on the internet. 
• All India Radio started its services on the internet on 1st May 1998.

The correct answer is the Project manager

Key PointsFunctionaries of a Radio station

Station Director: 

• The Station Director is in charge of the radio station and is also the head of the programme wing.
• In some stations, they are called managers.

Station Engineer

• The Station Engineer heads the engineering wing and is responsible for all the technical work at the radio station.
• In addition, there is a group of technicians and engineers, working quietly behind the scene.
• They operate and maintain broadcast equipment and oversee the control room. They are responsible for the technical quality of the broadcasts.

Programme personnel

• These are persons who are engaged in the planning, production, preparation, and presentation of radio programs.
• They are known as program executives or producers.
• They are part of the program broadcast process.

Transmission staff

• Persons who are responsible for a smooth and trouble-free transmission process are known as transmission executives.

Radio Announcer

• The radio announcer presents the programmes and is responsible for making them interesting.
• The announcer has to convey feelings through his voice only.
• If the announcer is dull, his description will also be dull.

The correct answer is Coaxial cable

Key Points

• A coaxial cable is a copper cable specially built with a metal shield and other components engineered to block signal interference.
• Coaxial cable received its name because it includes one physical channel that carries the signal surrounded by a layer of insulation by another concentric physical channel, both running along the same axis.
• The outer channel serves as a ground.
•  Many of these cables or pairs of coaxial tubes can be placed in a single outer sheathing and, with repeaters, can carry information for a great distance.
• Coaxial cable was invented in 1880 by English engineer and mathematician Oliver Heaviside.
• It is primarily used by cable TV companies to connect their satellite antenna facilities to customers' homes and businesses.
•  It is also sometimes used by telephone companies to connect central offices to telephone poles near customers.

Types of coaxial cables

There are numerous types of coaxial cables, some types include:

• Hard-line coaxial cable relies on round copper tubing and a combination of metals as a shield, such as aluminum or copper.
• These cables are commonly used to connect a transmitter to an antenna.
• Triaxial cable- This has a third layer of shielding that is grounded to protect signals transmitted down the cable.
• Rigid-line coaxial cables- These are made up of twin copper tubes that function as unbendable pipes.
• These lines are designed for indoor use between high-power radio frequency (RF) transmitters.
• Radiating cable mimics many components of the hard-line cable, but with tuned slots in the shielding matched to the RF wavelength at which the cable will operate.
• It is commonly used in elevators, military equipment, and underground tunnels.
   

The correct answer is All of the above

Key Points

• The film industry is arguably one of the most impactful sectors in modern society.
• Sitcoms and comedy shows make us laugh, psychological thrillers help us see the world from an improved perspective, and historical films help us understand where we’ve come from as a people.
• Every video and every film reflects society and transforms opinions.
• There are some ways in which cinematic art affects society and the modern world.

Movies mirror culture

• Every movie is set and developed in a particular culture.
• They are an integral part of us; they mirror what we believe in and how we coexist as people.
• It is easier to see our concerns, attitudes, flaws, and strengths in films than it is to decipher them from our daily interactions.
• When our prevalent beliefs and ideologies are challenged in films, we are able to interrogate ourselves and embrace change.
• And thanks to audiovisual translations, people from all over the world are able to watch movies and understand the cultures of faraway communities.
• That has, in turn, helped us to become more united even when our cultures are so different and diverse.

Movies shape culture

• Besides mirroring our diverse cultures, the film has for a long time been shaping our beliefs and values.
• A good example is when people copy fashion trends from movie stars and musicians.
• It is also common these days to find societies using figures of speech that are inspired by the film industry.
• At the very least, the film solidifies selected cultural beliefs and renders some redundant.

Movies teach us history

• Most history movies are fact-based, even for the few that are fictional.
• They still depict a realistic and fantastic picture of how the world was before the invention of the audiovisual devices that we know today.
• They connect the modern world with past generations.
• A good example is the Vietnam War movies that explain what transpired back in the day and help today’s generation to appreciate the significance of the war, both positive and negative.
• Add transcription services to these movies and the history comes out even clearer.
• Transcribed historical videos support learning by connecting viewers to the proper subject matter without losing the context.

The correct answer is Autobiography

Key Points

• Fiction is literature created from the imagination, not presented as fact, though it may be based on a true story or situation.
• Types of literature in the fiction genre include novels, short stories, short films, and novellas. 
• The word is from the Latin fictiō, “the act of making, fashioning, or molding.”
• A fictional film or narrative film is a film that tells a fictional or fictionalized story, event, or narrative.
• In this style of film, believable narratives and characters help convince the audience that the unfolding fiction is real.
• Lighting and camera movement, among other cinematic elements, have become increasingly important in these films.
• Probably the first fictional film ever made was the Lumiere's LArroseur arrose, which was first screened at the Grand Cafe des Capucins on December 28, 1895.
• A year later in 1896, Alice Guy-Blache directed the fictional film "La fee aux choux." 
• The best known of early fictional films is Georges Melies’s A Trip to the Moon from 1902.

The correct answer is Koozhangal

Key Points

• Koozhangal or Pebbles from India won the best film award in the Asian Film Competition section at the 20th Dhaka International Film Festival.
• Koozhangal has been awarded at the closing ceremony of the Dhaka International Film Festival happened on January 23rd, 2022.
• Pebbles (Tamil: Koozhangal) is a 2021 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by debutant P. S. Vinothraj.
• The film was produced by Vignesh Shivan and Nayanthara under the Rowdy Pictures banner.
• Pebbles was screened at the 50th International Film Festival Rotterdam held in the Netherlands on 4 February 2021, where it received the Tiger Award at the festival.
• It was selected as the Indian entry for the Best International Feature Film at the 94th Academy Awards but was not nominated.
   

Additional Information

The list of the award for different categories are:

• The best actor award was given to Jayasurya for Ranjith Sankar-directed film Sunny.
• The Best Script Writer Award went to Indranil Roychowdhury and Sugata Sinha for Indranil Roychowdhury-directed India-Bangladesh film Mayar Jonjal.
• The special audience award was given to Aimee Baruah Directed the film Semkhor.
• Sujit Bidari directed the film Aina Jhyal Ko Putali from Nepal and got the best director award.
• In the Women film maker’s section, the best feature film award was given to Maryam Bahrololumi directed the film Shahrbanoo (Lady from the City) from Iran.
• Two Bangladeshi films, Nurul Alam Atique directed Lal Moroger Jhuti and N Rashed Chowdhury directed Chandrabati Kotha got the Audience Award.

The correct answer is Silent movie

Key Points

• Bilwamangal is also known as Bhagat Soordas is a 1919 Indian black-and-white silent film directed by Rustomji Dhotiwala.
• It was produced by legendary producer Jamshedji Framji Madan.
• It was based on a story by Champshi Udeshi about the medieval Hindu devotional poet Bilwamangala (also identified with Surdas).
• This full-length (12000 feet) film was produced by the Elphinstone Bioscope Company, Calcutta with Bengali intertitles and is credited as the first Bengali feature film.
• It was released on 1 November 1919 at Cornwallis Theatre in Calcutta.
• The movie stars Dorabji Mewawala and the popular stage actress Miss Gohar.
• The National Film Archive of India acquired the footage of the film from Cinémathèque Française, France in 2016.

The correct answer is Documentary

Key Points

• A documentary film is a film story concerning factual topics (i.e. someone or something).
• These films have a variety of aims, to record important events and ideas; inform viewers; convey opinions, and to create public interest.
• A number of common techniques or conventions are used in documentaries to achieve these aims. 
• To convey information in a documentary, filmmakers use the concept of the Three Ts. 
• Tell them what you are going to tell & show them. (INTRODUCTION) Introduce the program by briefly discussing the material covered in the program.
• Tell them the information, facts, story, etc. (COVER) Present the material in a logical fashion and covers all aspects of the documentary.
• Tell them what you have just told them. (SUMMARIZE) Reinforce the materials that the viewer has just learned.

The documentary must use at least 2 of the techniques below, Not all techniques will work with all topics.

Voice-over 

• The voice-over in a documentary is a commentary by the filmmaker, spoken while the camera is filming, or added to the soundtrack during the production.
• Through this the filmmaker can speak directly to the viewer, offering information, explanations, and opinions.
• A voice-over does not directly relate to any text that appears on the screen.
• The narrator does not usually read the text on the screen, however, it is the job of the narration to support what is being viewed. 

Archival footage

• Archival, or stock footage, is material obtained from a film library or archive and inserted into a documentary to show historical events or to add detail without the need for additional filming. 

Reenactment 

• Reconstructions are also often used in documentaries.
• They are artificial scenes of an event that has been reconstructed and acted out on film based on information about the event.
• Reconstructions generally provide factual information, and give the viewer a sense of realism, as if the event really happened in front of them live.
• They often indicate that the footage is not real by using techniques such as blurring, distortion, lighting effects, changes in camera level, and color enhancement within the footage. 

Direct and Indirect Interviews

• The interview is a common documentary technique.
• It allows people being filmed to speak directly about events, prompted by the questions asked by the filmmaker.
• An interview may take place on screen, or off-screen, on a different set.
• Interviews in a documentary give the viewer a sense of realism, that the documentary maker’s views are mutually shared by another person or source, and thus more valid.
• To achieve this much detail from what may be a one-hour interview, clips of only a few minutes are shown.
• Interviews on opposing sides of an issue may be shown to give the viewer comprehensive information about a topic.

Montage 

• A montage sequence conveys ideas visually by putting them in a specific order in the film.
• Narrative montages involve the planning of a sequence of shots used to indicate changes in time and place within a film.
• Ideational montages link actions with words and are often used in documentaries.
• Montages in documentaries are usually linked with words that characters say.
• This visual representation of the character's thoughts helps position the viewer in the story and helps the viewer better understand what the character is saying.
• It visually presents a progression of ideas on a screen. 

Exposition

• In a documentary, the exposition occurs at the beginning and introduces the important themes of the film.
• It is important because it creates the viewer's first impression and introduces the viewer to the content.
•  
• Dramatic segments of the documentary are specially chosen in order to catch the viewer’s attention.
• These shots are specifically positioned, such that the montage positions us to believe a certain theme presented by the documentary, and this the documentary presents its view much more persuasively to the viewer.
• This acts as a preview of the rest of the documentary. 

Wallpaper Technique 

• Documentaries often need to convey abstract information – usually by voice-over narration.
• Since abstract concepts have no physical existence, they are impossible to record visually.
• But because the screen cannot be blank, the filmmaker and scriptwriter must invent visuals that appear plausibly connected to the narration, even if they do not show what is actually being talked about in the soundtrack narration.
• This type of related visual is called wallpaper. 

Actuality

• Actuality is the term for raw film footage of real-life events (reality), places, and people as opposed to fictional films which use actors, scripted stories, and artificial sets.
• Documentaries are not pure actuality films - rather they combine actuality with explanation, commentary, and perhaps even dramatization. 

The correct answer is Yellow journalism

Key Points

• Yellow journalism: It is a style of newspaper reporting that emphasizes sensationalism over facts.
• In this the use of lurid features and sensationalized news in newspaper publishing to attract readers and increase circulation.
• The phrase was coined in the 1890s to describe the tactics employed in the furious competition between two New York City newspapers, the World and the Journal.

Such journalism had the following characteristics:

• The uses of multicolumn headlines, oversized pictures, and dominant graphics;
• Front-page stories that varied from sensationalist to salacious in the same issue;
• Scooping stories only to later be shamed into retractions is known as one-upmanship. (usually by a competing publication);
• Jingoism, or the inflaming of national sentiments through slanted news stories, is often related to the Civil War
• Heavy use of anonymous sources by overzealous journalists, particularly in investigations on "big business," well-known individuals, or political figures;
• Self-promotion within the news medium; and
• Pandering to the so-called hoi polloi, notably by making immigration a priority in the newspaper layout

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

• Netiquette defines as it is a collection of guidelines for polite and respectful online behaviour.
• Netiquette is crucial to understand since it teaches you how to communicate with others in an appropriate and respectful manner on social media, through messaging, and other online platforms.
• Everyone, including teachers, students, adults, staff, employers, and others, has to learn netiquette so they can interact with others online politely.
• Thinking before posting is the most fundamental principle of netiquette.
• Any personal, confidential, or legal information sent through email communications should be handled with care.
• Everyone dislikes spam and dislikes unsolicited texts.
• Netiquette is crucial because most online communication is nonverbal. This implies that it is quite simple to misunderstand what another person is saying. Therefore, following a mutually agreed-upon code of communication and etiquette is helpful, especially in cross-cultural or professional discussions. For instance, typing in all capital letters is regarded as yelling, yet reading all lowercase letters can be challenging. At the very least, proper capitalization is advised in professional or commercial settings.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

• Schramm’s Model - 1954.
  • The Schramm Communication Model is a cyclical model of communication that includes all fundamental communication principles. The principle and conviction that communication is a two-way street is the foundation of the cyclical communication model. Consequently, there must be a sender and a recipient.​
• Barnlund model - 1970
  • The feedback loop in Barnlund's transactional model has many layers. Sender and receiver alternate roles in this ongoing process, and both play an equally significant role. Both parties are continuously providing input as the communication is being passed. The message for one is also the feedback for the other.
• Berlo’s model - 1960
  • The Source-Message-Channel-Receiver (SMCR) communication paradigm is the communication framework created by David Berlo in 1960. The Sender, Message, Channel, and Receiver (SMCR) communication model was created by David Berlo in 1960.
• Shannon–Weaver Model - 1948
  • The Shannon and Weaver model, a linear representation of communication, offers a framework for investigating the transmission and reception of messages. It is well renowned for its capacity to illuminate how messages can become muddled and misunderstood between the transmission and reception of the message.

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

• Every journalist should follow Journalistic ethics because it helps in reliable, accurate, and balanced reporting.
• Maintaining journalistic ethics:
  • Just like other professions that interact with the public, journalism has developed a set of ethical principles, standards, and norms to help it fulfil its social responsibility and provide better services to the public by ensuring the highest professional standards in the gathering, processing, filtering, and distribution of news and opinions.
• Journalistic ethics -
  • Fundamentally, journalistic ethics are a set of values, norms, rules, and codes of conduct created for professional journalists.
  • It discusses a journalist's conduct, personality, and behaviour as well as how he operates prior to, during, and following the process of obtaining and disseminating news.
• ​There are several key ethical standards:

1. ​Honesty - Journalists have a responsibility to look for the truth and accurately report it.
2. Fairness - Journalists should report with objectivity and fairness.
3. Public accountability - News organisations ought to pay attention to their readers. Journalists should write under their own bylines and take responsibility for their remarks in order for the public to be able to hold them accountable.
4. Harm minimization - Not every information that can be publicised ought to be. News organisations may decide not to publish the article if the level of harm to private individuals particularly children that could follow from disclosure surpasses the benefits to the public.
5. Avoiding libel - Journalists are not allowed to publish defamatory articles that harm someone's reputation.
6. Proper attribution - Never use stolen material, journalists. They must give credit to the original source if they use information from another journalist or media organisation.
7. Independence - Journalists should abstain from supporting political parties and special interest organisations.

The correct answer is Channel.

Key Points

• David Berlo created the SMCR model of communication. In SMCR, C stands for Channel.
• SMRC stand for - Source-Message-Channel-Receiver.
• David Berlo created the SMCR model of communication in 1960.
• The one-way communication system is referred to as the SMCR communication model.
• The SMCR model is a linear communication paradigm without feedback.
• Example of SMRC:
  • The source, message, channel, and receiver are the four crucial components of Barlo's model.
  • First off, the newscaster is the news source and the one who spreads the word.
  • News is the message and Television is the medium.
  • The receiver of the message who watches television is the final audience.

The correct answer is Westley and Maclean model.

Key Points

• Westley and Maclean came to the realisation that communication occurs when a person responds selectively to his or her actual environment rather than when one person starts to talk.
• This model takes into account the close connection between environmental responses and the communication process.
• Only after a person receives a message from their environment can communication start.
• Based on their object of orientation, each receiver replies to the communication they have received.
• Features of the model include:
  1. It believes the communication process doesn’t start at the message sender. Rather, it starts with environmental factors that influence the sender.
  2. It can account for both interpersonal and mass communication.
  3. It recognises the significance of feedback in communication.

The correct answer is VSNL.

Key Points

• In India, the Internet service was launched on August 15, 1995, by VSNL.
• VSNL is Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited.
  • In 1986, Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL) was established.
  • The introduction of the internet to the nation is credited to VSNL.
  • The foreign division of VSNL (VSNL International) was established in 2004 following the start of the Government of India's Disinvestment of Public Sector Units in India.
  • On February 13, 2008, the Tata Group fully acquired VSNL and rebranded it as Tata Communications.
• BSNL is Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited.
  • An Indian company that provides telecommunications services under government ownership is called Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited.
  • Government of India's Department of Telecommunications, Ministry of Communications, is the owner.
  • The Indian government officially incorporated it on October 1st, 2000.
• MTNL is Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited.
  • Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited is a fully owned subsidiary of Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited, which is in turn owned by the Department of Telecommunications, Ministry of Communications, Government of India.
  • Headquartered in India's New Delhi.
  • In addition to the African island nation of Mauritius, MTNL offers services in the Indian metropolises of Mumbai and New Delhi.

The correct answer is Meta Ads.

Key Points

• Meta Ads are contextual advertisements for the searched item that appear on the results page of a search.
• Meta Ads:
  • Used in search engines (such as Yahoo, Google, etc.).
  • The term "keyword advertising" also applies to meta ads.
  • An advertiser can target a certain audience using this technique.
  • Only when users conduct relevant keyword searches are advertisers able to pay search engines to show their advertisements.
  • For example, if a user typed in the term "Furniture," furniture-related adverts might appear.
• Interstitials:
  • This type of online advertising is dynamic.
  • Various animated advertising that appears on the screen as the computer downloads a website that the user has clicked on are collectively referred to by this umbrella term.
  • Interstitials come in a variety of forms today, such as pop-up windows, splash screens, superstitials, etc.
• Classified Ads:
  • Classified ad websites are another expanding market for online advertising.
  • Due to the backing of other marketers' ad banners, some of these websites provide free classified advertising options.
  • They resemble the classified advertising in newspapers. You can look for houses, vehicles, jobs, shoes, toys, and other items.
• Banners:
  • The most basic type of web advertising is the ad banner.
  • A web page's top or bottom will be covered in a banner, which is a miniature billboard.
  • Right now, one can find bigger banner advertising that can take over the entire screen or even offer television commercials.
  • Users are directed to the advertiser's website or a buffer page when they click their mouse pointer on the banner.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

• Advertising on the radio is not available on the demand of consumers.
• The following advantage of radio advertising are:

1. It covers a vast area. This medium reaches out to even the most illiterate of individuals. Even in tiny, distant regions, it can transmit a message.
2. It is extremely adaptable because it can be employed locally or nationally depending on the situation.
3. It puts the advertiser's message in front of potential customers while they are in the right frame of mind.
4. It attracts people's attention quickly.
5. Radio advertising is a significant source of income today.
6. It touts the benefit of remembering value. In this regard, psychologists assert that information acquired orally is difficult to forget.
7. A range of programmes, including entertainment, are available through radio advertising, which promotes goodwill.
   Because they love the free show, many purchase the item offered on the radio.
8. Radio advertising offers a human touch that no other kind of media can match.

The correct answer is a product defect.

Key Points

• The target audience does not have to be made aware of the product limitation during the advertisement. If you tell about product limitations in the advertisement it will directly affect the sales of the product because it will create some doubt in mind of customer.
• The target audience must be informed about a wide range of topics, including product availability, prices, after-sale services, and a host of other things. The need to inform is extremely important whenever something new enters the market, whether it be a new service, a new branch of a retail chain, or a new product. Not only do consumers need to be informed; but employees, shareholders, local communities, and government departments can also be informed through strategies like public relations, direct mail, and conferences.
• Target audiences - The group or portion of the target market that is being advertised to is known as the target audience. As a result, the target audience becomes a more focused segment of the target market.

The correct answer is Albert Lasker.

Key Points

• Albert Lasker said, "Advertising is salesmanship in print".
• A key figure in the development of contemporary advertising was the American businessman Albert Davis Lasker.
• According to John V. W. "Advertising like salesmanship is an attempt to influence the thoughts and action of people".
• According to Canor and Wichart "Advertising includes those visual or oral messages in magazines, newspapers, movies and letters, over radio and television and on transportation vehicles and outdoor signs which are paid by their sponsors and directed to consumers for purpose of influencing their purchases and attitudes".
• Wright, Winter and Zeigler define advertising as "Controlled identified information and persuasion by means of mass communication media​

Additional Information

• ​Some more definitions:
  • The London Institute of Practitioners in Advertising define advertising as "Advertising presents the most persuasive possible selling message to the right prospect for the product or service at the lowest possible cost".
  • Seldon defines advertising as, "Advertising is a business force, which through printed words, sells or helps sale, build a reputation and fosters goodwill".

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

• TRAI  was set up by the Government of India under the TRAI Act, 1997 not under act 1996.
• Accordingly, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI)  Act, 1997, an Act of Parliament, established the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) with effect from February 20, 1997, to oversee telecom services, including the fixation/revision of telecom service tariffs that were previously under the control of the Central Government.
• The goal of TRAI is to foster the conditions necessary for the country's telecommunications sector to develop in a way and at a rate that will allow India to take the lead in the developing global information society.
• According to significant reform in telecom enacted by TRAI in January 2016, Consumers will now receive compensation of 1 rupee for every dropped call, up to a maximum of three missed calls per day, . The Supreme Court overturned this law in May 2016 on the grounds that it was "unreasonable, arbitrary, and unconstitutional."

The correct answer is 5W and 1H.

Key Points

• Before tackling any news or subject, journalists must ascertain the 5H and 1H.
• 5H -  “Who, What, When, Where, and Why".
• 1H - "How".
• Through reporting, a reporter must address all 5H and 1H. Therefore, these are the crucial components that the reporter needs to remember when crafting and disseminating a news article.
• It enhances journalism's news values.
  • Who - Who are the participants?
  • Where - Where did it take place?
  • What - What is going on?
  • When - When did it occur?
  • Why - Why was it triggered?
  • How -  how does it happen?

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

• A movie pitch is an idea for a feature film presented by a screenwriter to those who can help fund or create it.
• The goal of the pitching process is to persuade the potential backers of the film, whether they be studio executives, distributors, producers, or directors.
• The writer's main idea can be presented verbally or visually in a movie pitch, which is often written before the first draught of the film.
• Film pitches are effective resources that succinctly describe the key components of film production, such as the premise, characters, plot, and budget.
• During the presentation:

1. Screenwriters and directors must outline the key plot points and convey a clear understanding of the movie's overall theme.
2. Give a general overview of what may be expected by briefly describing the key characters, plot, and premise.
3. Your pitch needs to be exceptional, and you shouldn't skimp on it when putting it together because there is fierce competition from other authors to get investors' attention.

The correct answer is INSAT 1A.

Key Points

• Doordarshan provided national coverage for the Ninth Asian Games in 1982 through INSAT 1A.
• INSAT 1A:
  • An Indian communications satellite called INSAT-1A was a component of the Indian National Satellite System.
  • It was put into geostationary orbit in 1982 and operated at a longitude of 74° east.
  • Less than six months into a seven-year mission, the satellite was abandoned in September 1982 due to a string of mishaps.
  • For the first time, Doordarshan offered nationwide coverage via the satellite INSAT 1A. Additionally, the transmission was in colour for the first time.
• INSAT:
  • The ISRO launched several geostationary satellites known as the Indian National Satellite System, or INSAT, to support telecommunications, broadcasting, meteorology, and search and rescue activities.
  • The biggest domestic communication network in the Indo-Pacific region is INSAT.
  • The Department of Space, the Department of Telecommunications, the India Meteorological Department, All India Radio, and Doordarshan collaborated on the project.

The correct answer is 1952.

Key Points

• The CBFC was set up under the Cinematograph Act of 1952.
• Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) popularly known as the Censor Board.
• The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting oversees it as a regulatory authority.
• Its goal is to ensure that feature films, short films, trailers, documentaries, and theatre-based advertising are appropriate for public viewing through screening and rating.
• Each movie is given one of four classifications by the board:

1. The U certification indicates that a movie is suitable for family viewing and unrestricted public viewing.
2. A for Adults (aged 18+) must be present to see films with the A certification in a public setting.
3. UA for movies requiring parental supervision for kids under 12.
4. S-rated movies shouldn't be seen by the general population. Only individuals connected to it (engineers, physicians, scientists, etc.) are permitted to view those movies.

The correct answer is Bumper.

Key Points

• An audio transition between a stop set of commercials or another programming that is prerecorded and generally includes voice-over music is known as Bumper.
  • Bumpers, which are brief musical snippets played throughout intros, outros, and transitions, typically run no more than fifteen seconds.
  • Many broadcast shows employ bumpers to switch from show to commercial and vice versa. These are sometimes accompanied by voiceovers.
• Jingle - A programming component created by professional studio singers for advertisements or radio station promotional announcements, such as an anthem or musical song.
• Billboard - A brief announcement identifying a sponsor at the start or finish of another programming segment, like the news or traffic, is also referred to as the opening of a radio or television programme.
• Churban - A hybrid radio format that combines urban music, such as hip hop or R&B, with current hit radio (CHR).

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

• IPR violations or intellectual property violations:
  • It is a type of cybercrime.
  • Infringements against Intellectual Property Trademark, copyright, and patent infringement are the three main types of intellectual property violations.
  • Software piracy or other trademark and copyright infringement, such as copying an existing website's content or text, are fairly widespread and call for a court order for an injunction. Additionally, using a third party's trademark to falsely represent one business may be considered dishonest.
• Phishing:
  • The act of sending an email that falsely represents itself as coming from a reputable company, especially banks.
  • The email will request private data, including bank account information, PINs, or passwords, from the receiver.
• Skimming:
  • This entails installing a skimmer device on an ATM machine so that it may read and save credit card information. It leads to credit card fraud and misuse.
• Cyberbullying
  • Cyberbullying ​ is the deliberate use of social media to persistently hurt or harass other individuals.
  • It primarily involves bullying of schoolchildren online.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

• Pinterest and Flipboard are not an example of Discussion forums.
• Pinterest and Flipboard are examples of Bookmarking and content curation networks.
• Discussion forums:
  • The main purpose of this forum is to discuss and exchange news, facts, ideas, etc. Reddit and Quora are examples of Discussion forums.
• Bookmarking and content curation networks:
  • ​These networks are used to find, save, share, and talk about fresh and popular media and content. Examples are Pinterest and Flipboard.
• Media sharing networks:
  • ​In order to share images or videos with others either publicly or privately, it is used to publish a user's digital photos. Examples include Pinterest, Instagram, Snapchat, Flickr, and YouTube.
• Blogging and publishing networks:
  • ​Posting extremely brief entries, updates, and thoughts as well as sharing stories, articles, and links on social networking sites.
  • It enables users to exchange direct messages, reply publicly, and subscribe to the material of other users. Examples include Blogger, WordPress, Tumblr, and Google AdSense.​
• Social Networking:
  • Social networks employ websites and applications to connect people, identify people who share interests, and conduct informal communication.
  • Users can communicate with one another directly through groups, networks, and locations.
  • Examples include LinkedIn, Google+, and Facebook.​

The correct answer is 1957.

Key Points

•  All India Radio was renamed 'Akashvani' in 1957.
• All India Radio was established in the year 1936.
• Akashvani is the national public radio broadcaster of India and is a division of Prasar Bharati.
• Concerning the number of languages transmitted, the range of socioeconomic variety it serves, and the size of its broadcasting organisation, All India Radio is the biggest radio network in the world.
• Nearly 92 per cent of the country's land and 99.19 per cent of the people are covered by the 420 stations that make up AIR's home service.
• Programming in 23 languages and 179 dialects form the basis of AIR.

The correct answer is 1979.

Key Points

• ESPN began broadcasting in 1979.
  • ESPN is an American international basic cable sports channel.
  • It is owned by ESPN Inc., which is controlled by The Walt Disney Company (80 per cent) and Hearst Communications equally (20 per cent).
  • Bill Rasmussen, his son Scott Rasmussen, and Ed Eagan launched the channel in 1979.
• 1959 - On an experimental basis, television was introduced to India on September 15th, 1959.
• 1953 - Columbia Broadcasting System aired the first successful colour television programme in the United States.
• 1939 - US television transmissions first appeared.

The correct answer is the USA.

Key Points

• The AIDA model is developed in 1920 by the USA.
• AIDA model:
  • It is one of the earliest communication models.
  • The model suggests the course of action that advertising may lead a prospect to take.
  • The purpose of advertising is to get people's attention, assist them to get interested, and then help them become desirous and ultimately take action.
  • AIDA stands for Attention, Interest, Desire, and Action emphasise the significance of seizing the public's attention in order to establish one's initial significance in the crowd of advertising.
  • A desire to acquire or utilise the product should result from high levels of interest.
  • The advertisement piques the consumer's attention by delivering details via both the content and the images. Thusly sparked interest in a specific good or service will aid in fostering a desire.
  • Getting the client to commit to a purchase is the goal of the AIDA model's action stage. It implies that there will be more people who are attracted to something than there are people who ultimately act.

The correct answer is Primary demand advertising.

Key Points

• Primary demand advertising is often used as part of a promotional strategy to help a new product gain acceptance among customers.
• Primary demand advertising:
  • ​Advertising targeted at primary demand is frequently employed as part of a marketing plan to increase consumer acceptance of a new product.
  • Primary demand stimulation is frequently a promotional goal for products in the introduction or expansion stages of their life cycles since the issue is to sell customers on the product as much as it is to promote a specific brand.
• Retail Advertising:
  • ​Major retailers and smaller local businesses both utilise this type of advertising to persuade customers to visit a particular store or use a local service, such as a local bank, fitness centre, restaurant, or exhibition room.
  • It is also known as Local advertising.
• Direct-Response Advertising:
  • ​Direct-response advertising is a type of direct marketing in which a product is advertised in a way that enables consumers to buy it directly from the seller.
  • Direct response advertising has gained a lot of traction due mainly to altering lifestyles in recent years.
• Trade Advertising:
  • ​Trade advertising is defined as advertising done inside a trade to draw in wholesalers and retailers and encourage them to buy its items for resale.

The correct answer is Vishnupant Govind Damle.

Key Points

• Sant Tuka Ram, a 1937 film directed by Sheikh Fattelal and Vishnupant Govind Damle, won the best film prize at the Venice Film Festival.
  • The first Indian film to receive acclaim abroad was "Sant Tukaram," which premiered at many foreign film festivals in 1937.
  • At the Venice Film Festival, it was selected as one of the top three world movies.​
  • One of the most revered Varkari saints and poets, Tukaram was a key role in the Bhakti movement in India, and his life was depicted in the 1937 Marathi film.
• Vishnupant Govind Damle - Indian production designer, photographer, director, and sound mixer Vishnupant Govind Damle worked on Marathi movies. The first Indian picture to be presented at a global cinema festival was his 1937 work Sant Tukaram.
• V. Shantaram - V. Shantaram, often known as Shantaram Bapu, was an Indian director, producer, and actor best known for his roles in Marathi and Hindi movies.
• Dhirendra Nath Ganguly - Dhirendra Nath Ganguly, often known as Dhiren Ganguly or D.G, was a Padma Bhushan and Dadasaheb Phalke Award-winning film producer, actor, and director of Bengali cinema.
• Ardeshir Irani - In the silent and sound eras of early Indian cinema, Khan Bahadur Ardeshir Irani worked as a writer, director, producer, actor, distributor, film showman, and cinematographer. He was among the greatest legends in Indian cinema today. Alam Ara, India's first sound picture, was directed by him.

The correct answer is option 4.

Key Points

•  Nav Jeevan - Gujarati newspaper.
  • ​In 1929, Mahatma Gandhi and the Associate journals launched the Navjeevan periodical.
  • It was published in the Gujarati language.
  • Gandhiji utilised this journal to uplift the Indian people and denounce British practices in India.
• Bengal Gazette - English newspaper.
  • The first English-language newspaper to be published in the Indian subcontinent was called Bengal Gazette.
  • Irishman James Augustus Hicky established it in Calcutta, the then-capital of British India, in 1779.​
• Samvad Kaumudi - Bengali newspaper.
  • Ram Mohan Roy publish Sambad Kaumudi, a Bengali weekly newspaper, in Kolkata during the first part of the 19th century.
  • It was a well-known pro-Reformist journal that vigorously promoted the repeal of the Sati Pratha.
• Mirat-ul-Akhbar - Persian language newspaper.
  • Raja Rammohan Roy established and served as editor of the Persian-language language Mirat-ul-Akhbar.
  • On April 12, 1822, the newspaper was first published.
  • It was released every week on Fridays.

The correct answer is Sales counters.

Key Points

• Sales is not an informal type of interpersonal communication.
• Formal type interpersonal communication:

1. ​Taking part in meetings or conferences.
2. Sales counters.
3. Job interviews

• ​Informal type interpersonal communication:

1. ​Private discussions with friends or family members.
2. Corridor discussions.
3. Conversation in canteens or restaurants.

• ​Interpersonal communication - 

1. Interpersonal communication is the act of interacting face-to-face with another individual.
2. Interpersonal communication is one-on-one or conversation between people.

• Intrapersonal communication - 

1. Intrapersonal communication is communicating with oneself.
2. Intrapersonal communication is essential for our growth as responsible members of society.