The correct answer is Tempera.

Key Points

Tempera

• Tempera colour medium was used in the Deccan painting "Ragini Pat-Hamsika".
• Tempera, often known as egg tempera, is a permanent, quick-drying painting medium made up of coloured pigments and a water-soluble binder media, usually a glutinous substance like egg yolk.
• Tempera paint is used for crafts, school projects, posters, and theatre props, among other things.

Additional InformationAcrylic

• Acrylic is a strong, stiff, and optically clear transparent plastic with excellent strength and stiffness.
• Acrylic sheet is simple to produce, adheres well to adhesives and solvents, and thermoforms easily.
• It outperforms several other transparent polymers when it comes to weathering.

Oil Pastel

• Colour art is created with oil pastels, a unique drawing/painting media.
• Oil pastels contain features that are similar to those of classic soft pastels, but they also have characteristics similar to those of crayons.

Sketch

• The sketch is mostly used for web and mobile app user interface and user experience design, and it does not offer print design tools.
• Sketch has recently added prototyping and collaboration features.

The correct answer is Ahmednagar.

Key Points

• Ahmednagar School of Painting:
  • Hussain Nizam Shah-I of Ahmednagar was the sponsor of this school.
  • Females depicted in such paintings are from Malwa's northern tradition.
  • The northern outfit included choli, long pigtails, and braids with tassels.
  • The scenery, gold sky, and lofty horizon in these paintings all have Persian influences.

Additional Information

• In Bijapur School, the picture features a vibrant colour palette, as well as animals, palm trees, men, and women, all of which are associated with the Deccan heritage.
• In Hyderabad School, the painting "Princes in the Company of Maids" is a well-known work.
• Mysore Paintings are known for their delicate lines, exquisite brush strokes, beautiful delineation of figures, and subtle use of vibrant vegetable colours and shiny gold leaves.

 The correct answer is Ahmednagar, Bijapur and Golconda.

Key Points 

• The Deccani School of Painting:
  • The kingdoms of Bijapur, Golconda and Ahmadnagar developed a highly sophisticated and distinct school of court painting which came under the Deccan School of Painting.
  • Its unique sensuality and intense colours have a strong affinity to regional aesthetics.
  • The school preferred dense composition and attempted to create an aura of romance, which invariably expressed itself in an idiom that was eloquently natural and vivid.
• Ahmednagar School of Painting:
  • This school was patronized by Hussain Nizam Shah I of Ahmednagar.
  • The earliest examples of Deccani painting are in a volume of poems, celebrating the reign of Hussain Nizam Shah I of Ahmadnagar.
  • The significant illustrated manuscript of this school is ‘Tarif-i-Hussain Shahi’.
  • Paintings of this school exhibited Persian influence like the landscape, gold sky, and high horizon.
  • Notable examples of the Ahmednagar painting are the “Hindola Raga” of about 1590 A.D. and portraits of Burhan Nizam Shah II of Ahmednagar (1591-96 A.D) and of Malik Amber of about 1605 A.D.

​

• The Bijapur school of Painting:
  • It was patronized by Ali Adil Shah I and his successor Ibrahim II.
  • The notable work under this school is Najum-al-ulum which means Stars of Sciences.
  • The painting of this school exhibits a rich colour scheme, animals, palm trees, men, and women belonging to the Deccan tradition.
  • It is believed that a number of the Ragamala paintings were commissioned from various museums and private collections. 
  • The Ragamala exemplifies the luxuriant aestheticism of the Adil Shah court in their daring and brilliantly successful colouring and vigour of simplified compositions. 

• Nujum al-Ulum: The Throne of Prosperity, Bijapur, 1570.
• The Golconda School of Painting:
  • Qutb Shahi rulers were the patrons of the Golconda School of Paintings.
  • It was patronised particularly by Muhammad Quli Quta Shah (1580-1611).
  • Iranian art has a deep impact on the Golconda miniature paintings.
  • The notable paintings in the Golconda School of painting are the ‘Lady with the Myna bird’ and the ‘Lady smoking Hooka’.

• Yogini(Lady with the Myna bird), Bijapur, seventeenth century.

The correct answer is 1560 to 1800.

Key Points

• The history of Deccani Painting can largely be constructed from the late sixteenth century, the time when the Mughals conquered the Deccan.
• It is continued to be seen in the art of the nineteenth century, as well as, under the Asafiya dynasty, and finally, in paintings in the provincial courts of Rajas and Nawabs, ruling various lands in the State of Hyderabad under the Nizam.
• The painting "Princes in the Company of Maids" is a well-known work from the Hyderabad School of Painting.
• Deccan facial features, rich colours, and clothing were utilised in these paintings.

The correct answer is A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4.

Key Points

• Ahmednagar School
  • Hussain Nizam Shah I of Ahmednagar was the patron of Ahmednagar School.
  • 'Tarif-i-Hussain Shahi' is a noteworthy illustrated text.
  • The colours utilised in the Ahmednagar school of painting are vibrant and deep.
  • Females depicted in such paintings are from Malwa's northern tradition.
• Bijapur School
  • Ali Adil Shah-I and his successor Ibrahim-II were patrons of the Bijapur School of Painting.
  • Najum-al-ulum is a notable work.
  • The picture features a vibrant colour palette, as well as animals, palm trees, men, and women, all of which are associated with the Deccan heritage.
• Golconda School
  • The lords of Qutb Shahi were benefactors of the Golconda School of Paintings.
  • During the reign of Muhammad Quli Qutab Shah, the first major work was completed.
  • These paintings depict dance.
• Hyderabad School
  • The Hyderabad School of Painting was established in the third quarter of the eighteenth century.
  • It was created in 1724 after Nizam-ul-Mulk Chin Qilij Khan established the Asaf Jahi dynasty.

The correct answer is Composite Horse.

Key Points

• The Composite Horse:
  • The painting is a curious mix of many artistic devices, which culminate in Composite Horse.
  • The painting includes human figures and animals intertwined in a manner that emerges as an extraordinary form of a galloping horse superimposed on a decorated background.
  • In the background, Flying cranes and lions, Chinese clouds and plants with large leaves enhance the surreal element of this painting from Golconda, which is of early
    seventeenth century.
  • When everything appears to be airy and flying, the eyes unexpectedly encounter two corners at the bottom of the painting, which has rocky formulations that anchor the painting on solid ground.
  • A certain dislocation of sense of space happens, making this painting a memorable visual experience. All actions happen within a limited colour schema, which remains largely in the shades of brown and some blue.

Additional Information

• Golconda School of Painting
  • Golconda’s art became popular when the Dutch merchants carried the portraits of sultans in the late seventeenth century to Europe. 
  • The earlier Golconda paintings, dated 1635–1650, at times as large as eight feet high, were made to be used as wall hangings. 
  • The paintings are covered with pictorial designs, generally, figures in architectural settings of varied origins.
  • The earliest five miniatures, identified as Golconda's work, were bound up in the Diwan of Hafiz, dated 1463.
  • The patrons of the Golconda School of Paintings were the Qutb Shahi rulers.
  • The first notable work was done during the times of Muhammad Quli Qutab Shah.
  • Two more notable paintings among the Golconda paintings are the ‘Lady with the Myna bird’ and the ‘Lady smoking Hookah’.

The correct answer is Golconda

Key Points

• "Lady with the Myna Bird" is picturized in the Bijapur School of Painting.
• The lady is adorned with jewellery and her hair bun elongates her visual presence.
• The long scarves swirl in a rhythmic circle around her body, which has exquisite flora surrounding it in an exquisite landscape.

Additional Information

• The Hyderabad School of Painting is located in Hyderabad.
• The Hyderabad School of Painting was established in the third quarter of the eighteenth century.
• It was created in 1724 after Nizam-ul-Mulk Chin Qilij Khan established the Asaf Jahi dynasty.
• Bijapur School of Painting is a school of painting in Bijapur.
• Ali Adil Shah, I and his successor Ibrahim II were patrons of the Bijapur School of Painting.
• Najum-al-ulum is a notable work.
• Tanjore School of Painting is a school of painting in Tanjore.
• It developed during the Marathas' reign in the 16th century in the Thanjavur district.
• It was active from the 17th through the 19th centuries.
• It usually comprises a deity with a well-rounded physique and almond-shaped eyes as the central figure.

The correct answer is Ragini Pathamsika.

Key Points

• Ragini Pathamsika:
  • The paintings was done by Raga Hindola.
  • He was  an important member of the Ragamala family of the Indian musical mode which dates back to around 1590–95.
  • The painting is believed  to be from Bijapur.
  • Painting was a highly developed art form in the Deccani states, almost simultaneous with the development of the Mughal School of Painting.
  • Persian influence is obvious in the painting.
  • The influence is seen in the arabesque decoration on the surface of the two domes that delineate the upper part of the painting, where letters written in Devanagari script cover the space.
  • Two beautifully dressed and bejewelled women are seen in the pavilion, while the third is seen outside it.
  • The centrally placed female musician is playing an Indian instrument, which appears to be veena, while the other two on the sides appear to be accompanying with rhythmic sway of their bodies.
  • The colours are energetic.
  • Red colour is dominant and is complimented by green.
  • The figures are stylised in the sense that the character of their physiology, including the face has been almost constructed on formulaic details.
  • Nearly all forms are deeply emphasised with dark line.
  • Which is an interestingly observance in the mural paintings of Ajanta, too, which were painted centuries ago.
  • A dark elephant in the left hand corner, with a raised trunk, a delightful sign of welcome.
    • Small in scale, the elephant creates visual interest and breaks the architectonic structuring.

​

The correct answer is Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya and Amir Khusro.

Key Points

• Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya and Amir Khusro:
  • In this picture, Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya, a leading Sufi Saint of Delhi, has been shown in green clothes, tying up a turban around his head and sitting in a
    pose of deep thinking.
  • Behind him has been shown a yellow-coloured halo in form the of the sun.
  • In his front side Amir Khusro has been shown, a contemporary famous musician, sitting on his knees, playing on a musical instrument.
  • The colour of his turban and angvastramdhoti, kurta and shawl-is uniform and he has tied a red-coloured waist-band.
  • His black beard is the symbol of his being in early young hood. Whenever Nizamuddin felt the need of romantic bliss, he used to call Amir Khusro, to his mind.
  • The courtyard, in which he has been shown sitting, has been drawn in form of
    thin red strips on yellow colour.
  • The courtyard has surrounded, on all the four sides, with a red-coloured lattice.
  • The painting is naive and basic without technical and artistic sophistication of a court painting

​

The correct answer is Persian Style.

Key Points

• Ahmednagar School of Painting:
  • The earliest examples of Deccani painting are in a volume of poems, celebrating the reign of Hussain Nizam Shah I of Ahmadnagar (1553–1565).
  • This school was patronized by Hussain Nizam Shah I of Ahmednagar.
  • The significant illustrated manuscript is ‘Tarif-i-Hussain Shahi’.
  • Colours used for Ahmednagar school of Painting are brilliant and rich.
  • The women represented in these paintings belong to the northern tradition of pre-Mughal painting, which was flourishing especially in Malwa and Ahmedabad during this period.
  • Women in these paintings wear a modified northern costume with choli (bodice) and long braided pigtails, ending in a tassel.
  • Only a long scarf, passing round the body below the hips, is a southern fashion, which is seen in the Lepakshi frescoes.
  • These paintings exhibited Persian influences like the landscape, gold sky, and high horizon.
  • These feminine dresses, present in a series of Ragamala paintings, are the most striking and moving examples of the sixteenth-century Deccan Schools of Painting. The women’s hair is rolled up in a bun on the nape of the neck, similar to the Lepakshi murals.
  • The horizon, in the painting, disappears and is replaced by a neutral coloured ground patterned all over with small stylised plants, or occupied by symmetrical architectural domes over the arcades.
  • All these features, except the hairstyle, have traces of north India or Persia.

• Tarif–i–Hussain Shahi: King sitting on the Throne, Ahmadnagar