Photosynthesis is the process of converting the energy of light into the energy of chemical bonds. This occurs in the chloroplasts of cells, specifically, in the thylakoid membranes. The formation of ATP during the photosynthesis is called the photophosphorylation.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Chloroplasts'.

Chloroplasts are eukaryotic cell organelles. They are covered by the double membrane and also have an internal membrane system comprised of thylakoid membranes. The thylakoid membranes are of two types. The membranes which make grana are called granal lamellae. The other thylakoid membranes are called stromal membranes . The non-appressed membranes (stromal membranes and edges of granal membranes) are in direct contact with the stroma. The PS- I is abundant in non-appressed membrane whereas PS- II is abundant in granal membranes.

Chlorophyll pigment is activated by sunlight mostly chlorophyll b absorbs the sunlight which is then used to combine carbon dioxide and water into sugars in the process of photosynthesis.

Anthocyanins (literally "flower blue") are water-soluble flavonoid pigments that appear red to blue, according to pH. They occur in all tissues of higher plants, providing color in leaves, plant stem, roots, flowers, and fruits, though not always in sufficient quantities to be noticeable.

Chloroplasts perform many metabolic reactions in green leaves. In addition to carbon dioxide fixation, the synthesis of almost all amino acids, all fatty acids and carotenes, all pyrimidines and probably all purines occurs in chloroplasts. Reactions which fix carbon dioxide and convert it to hexose sugars are powered by the energy released by ATP hydrolysis and by the reducing agent NADPH. The enzymes that catalyze the calvin cycle reactions are rapidly inactivated in the dark, so that carbohydrates formation generally ceases when light is absent.

In the process of photosynthesis, the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation.

Bacteriochlorophyll is assimilatory pigment in purple and brown sulfur bacteria while chlorophyll a is one of the assimilatory pigments of green plants. Chlorophyll has tetrapyrrole rings of porphyrins with the presence of magnesium as a central metal ion. The long phytol side chain with four isoprenoid units is covalently bonded to chlorophyll by ester linkage between the propionic acid side chain of porphyrin ring and alcohol group of phytol. Bacteriochlorophyll differs from chlorophyll a in having an acetyl group in place of vinyl group of chlorophyll a and saturation of one double bond of porphyrin ring of chlorophyll a which in turn adds two additional hydrogen atoms to the bacteriochlorophyll. 
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Since, BGA is a prokaryotic organism, they lack true nucleus and membrane bound organelles which means that chloroplast (double membrane bound chlorophyll containing plastids) is absent in them. Thus, option B is incorrect. Chromatophores are light reflecting, pigment containing cells. The peripheral region of BGA protoplast contains thylakoids and is termed as chromoplast. Thylakoids contain photosynthetic pigments (chrolophyll a, xanthophylls, phycobilin) in their membranes and serve as site for photosynthesis. Thus, option B is correct.

Photophosphorylation is synthesis of ATP from ADP in presence of light in the chloroplast. It is also called as photosynthetic phosphorylation. It was discovered by Arnon in 1954. Arnon gave difference between two types of photophosphorylation, cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation. He gave resemblance of photophosphorylation with oxidative phosphorylation. The difference between the two is in photophosphorylation ATP is synthesized using light energy whereas in oxidative phosphorylation, ATP is synthesized using chemical energy. 
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Chlorophylls are present in chloroplasts, which absorb light energy. Chlorophyll a is the primary photosynthetic pigment and is found in all the photosynthetic organisms except bacteria. The chlorophyll a absorbs blue, yellow and red wavelengths of the spectrum. It shows maximum absorption of blue light.

So, the correct answer is option A.

Chloroplasts contain an internal system of membranes called thylakoids. The thylakoids may be arranged in stacks called as grana. The thylakoid membranes not arranged in stacks and are in direct contact with chloroplast stroma are called as stroma lamellae. During photosynthesis, light reaction occurs in grana.
Hill conducted experiments on isolated chloroplasts, having some oxidants like ferricyanide and benzoquinone (Hill reagents). By placing them in sunlight, he noticed evolution of oxygen from water. Hill concluded that if there was hydrogen acceptor in the medium, it would have been reduced. Arnon in 1951, 1954, repeated the experiment with isolated chloroplast and concluded that -
(i) The hydrogen acceptor present in plants is NADP. It is reduced to NADPH₂​.
(II) An ADP molecule is converted to ATP in light by utilizing inorganic phosphorous. This phenomenon is called as photophosphorylation.

The carotenoids are unsaturated polyhydrocarbons being composed of eight isoprene (C5​H8​) units. Carotene are a type of carotenoids. These are orange coloured pigments. The carotenoids mainly absorb violet indigo and blue wavelength of the spectrum and to some extent the green wavelength too ranging between 400 - 505 nm. The maximum absorption occurs in high energy blue wavelength, thus protecting the chlorophyll molecules from photooxidation.

Thus, the correct answer is option C. 

Cyanobacteria have both photosystems and hence, can carry out the light reaction as seen in higher plants during oxygenic photosynthesis. Oxygenic photosynthesis is a term used to denote photosynthesis in which oxygen is evolved. The oxygen gas can be evolved if both photosystems are present and noncyclic phosphorylation occurs. The oxygen gas is released during noncyclic phosphorylation as a byproduct of the photolysis process. Other photosynthetic bacteria lack PS- II and hence cannot evolve oxygen and consequently do not show oxygenic photosynthesis.

The thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts contain around 250-400 particles known as quantasomes. They are present on the surface of thylakoid discs in chloroplasts.

Chlorophyll has cyclic tetrapyrrole porphyrin head and a long chain alcohol called as phytol. Chlorophyll 'a' has methyl group at carbon 3 while chlorophyll b has formyl or aldehyde group attached to this atom.

Chlorophyll are light harvesting cyclic tetrapyrrole compounds. The chlorophyll biosynthesis requires iron and magnesium mineral ions. The succinyl CoA, an intermediate of Krebs cycle and the amino acid glycine initiate the biosynthesis of chlorophyll A leading to production of protochlorophyllide or protochlorophyll. The protochlorophyllide or protochlorophyll is converted to chlorophyll a in presence of light.