• Bhimbetka, Nevasa, Pushkar, Rohiri hills and Samnapur are important sites of Middle Palaeolithic Culture.

• Middle Palaeolithic culture are characterised by flake tool industry.

• Middle Palaeolithic tools have mostly been found in Central India, Deccan, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Orissa.

The split of Buddhism in Hinayana and Mahayana further diluted the spread of Buddhism.

• Major reasons for the spread of Buddhism are as follows-

a) Adoption of Pali language for sermons and texts

b) Democratic and Disciplined Sangas

c) Rejection of Caste and other discriminations

d) Royal patronage by many contemporary kings

e) Abolition of any authority above self and improvement of self

• Yucatan Strait joins Mexico and Cuba.

• The Straits is a strait between Mexico and Cuba.

• The Straits of Yucatan is also known as ‘Yucatan Channel’.

• The Yucatan Channel connects the Yucatan Basin of the Caribbean Sea with the Gulf of Mexico.

• At its deepest point near the coast of Cuba, It is just over 200 kms wide and nearly 2800 m deep.

• It is 217 kilometer across between Cape San Antonio in Cuba and Cape Catoche in Mexico.

• The Straits separates Cuba from the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico.

• The strait of Malacca separates Indonesia and Malaysia.

• The Torres Strait is a strait between The Melanesian island of New Guinea and Australia.

• The strait of Otranto connects the Adriatic Sean with Ionian Sea and separates Albania and Italy.

• El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an irregular periodic variation in winds and sea surface temperatures over the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, affecting the climate of much of the tropics and subtropics. The warming phase of the sea temperature is known as El Niño and the cooling phase as La Niña.

• The Humboldt Current is also known as the ‘Peru Current’.

• The Peru current is an eastern boundary current flowing in the direction of the equator.

• The Peru Current is a cold, low-salinity ocean current that flows north along the western coast of South America.

• The Peru Current is named after the naturalist Alexander von Humboldt (Prussian).

• In 1846, Von Humboldt reported measurements of the cold-water current in his book Cosmos.

• It extends from southern Chile to northern Peru where upwelled, cold, waters intersect warm tropical waters to form the equatorial front.

• Canary Current-

o It (current) is a wind-driven current in North Atlantic Gyre.

o It (current) is a type of cold current.

• Agulhas Current-

o The current is a warm current (red) along the east coast of South Africa, and the cold Benguela current (blue) along the west coast.

● President appoints Judges of Supreme Court and High Court in India.

● The Prime Minister is also appointed by the President.

• The Citizenship Act 1955 provides for the citizenship of India after the commencement of the Constitution.

• It also provides for the acquisition and termination of Indian citizenship.

The National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) was launched on 30 June 2008.

The NAPCC identifies measures that promote development objectives while also yielding co-benefits for addressing climate change effectively.
Eight sub-missions under NAPCC are-

1- National Solar Mission

2- National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency

3- National Mission on Sustainable Habitat

4- National Water Mission

5- National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem

6- National Mission for a Green India

7- National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture

8- National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change.

Eutrophication, dystrophication or hypertrophication, is when a body of water becomes overly enriched with minerals and nutrients which induce excessive growth of algae. This process may result in oxygen depletion of the water body after the bacterial degradation of the algae. One example is an "algal bloom" or great increase of phytoplankton in a pond, lake, river or coastal zone as a response to increased levels of nutrients. Eutrophication is often induced by the discharge of nitrate or phosphate-containing detergents, fertilizers, or sewage into an aquatic system.

A vector quantity is defined as the physical quantity that has both directions as well as magnitude.

Examples of Vector Quantities-

Linear momentum, Acceleration, Displacement, Momentum, Angular velocity, Force, Electric field, Polarization.

Volume is a scalar quantity.