The correct answer is "Executive".

Key Points

• The executive is the government branch responsible for implementing laws and policies. 
• This branch of government has the sole authority and responsibility for administration.
• This branch is headed by the president.
• The Prime Ministers, Chief Ministers, and President are part of this branch.

Additional Information

• There are three branches of the government in India:
  • The executive
  • The legislature
  • The judiciary
• The main functions of these:
  • Executive - This branch implements laws enacted by the legislature.
  • Legislature -  The main function of this is to enact laws.
  • Judiciary - This form settles disputes and provides justice to all citizens.

Mount St. Helens is an active stratovolcano located in Skamania County, Washington, in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States.

The correct answer is ​United Nations Environment Programme.

In News

• The Hindu: World wastes 1 billion meals a day, says U.N. report.

Key Points

Food Waste Index Report 2024:

• The Food Waste Index Report 2024, released by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), aims to catalyze essential action towards reducing food waste and achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12.3.

Here are some key aspects of the report:

• Expanded Data Points: The report incorporates vastly expanded data points from around the world, providing significantly more robust global and national estimates.
• Measurement Methodology: It expands on the SDG 12.3 food waste measurement methodology introduced in the 2021 report, offering enhanced guidance on measurement across retail, food service, and household sectors. This additional guidance delves into various methodologies, their strengths and limitations, and strategies for prioritizing sub-sectors for measurement.
• Focus on Solutions: The report transitions from focusing solely on food waste measurement to exploring solutions for food waste reduction. It examines effective approaches to reducing food waste globally, with a spotlight on public-private partnerships.
• Global Food Waste: The report revealed that the world wasted one-fifth of the total food available in 2022. This amounts to 1.05 billion tonnes (or 19 per cent) of food available to consumers at the retail, food service, and household level.

The correct answer is Vijay Jain.

In News

• Mr. Vijay Jain, Managing Director of Star Estate, was adjudged the prestigious Times Power Icon 2024 Award.

Key Points

• The award ceremony, held recently in Noida, was organized by The Times Group. 
• Vijay Jain was acknowledged for his visionary leadership and outstanding achievements in the real estate sector.
• Ada Sharma, a cine icon, presented the award to Vijay Jain during the event.
• Mr. Jain expressed gratitude for the recognition and attributed the success to the hard work and dedication of the entire team at Star Estate.
• Under Mr. Jain's leadership, Star Estate has become one of the most reliable and trusted real estate consultation firms in India, expanding its operations across multiple cities.
• About Star Estate: It was Founded in 2012 as the fastest-growing Real Estate enterprise.

• Cellular Respiration is the process that is used by the cells to make energy to operate.
• Here, oxygen is used in the last step of the process called the Electron transport chain (ETC). That takes place in the mitochondrial membrane.
• During this step, the maximum number of ATP are synthesized and the presence of oxygen makes sure the availability of electron acceptor.

The correct answer is Living organisms and physical factors.

Key Points

• An ecosystem consists of a community of organisms together with their physical environment consists of two components Biotic and Abiotic.
  • Abiotic consists of non-living organisms(air, water, soil, minerals, sunlight.
  • Biotic consists of living organisms (Producers, Consumers, Decomposers).

Additional Information

• The Food Chain is a linear sequence of organisms where nutrients and energy are transferred from one organism to another.
  • Producers make their own food. Example- Green plants.
  • Primary Consumers depend on the producers. Example- Grasshooper
  • Secondary consumers depend on the primary consumer for energy. Example- Frog
  • Tertiary consumer depends on the secondary consumers for the food. Example- Snake
  • Decomposers are microorganisms that decompose the dead and decaying material into humus which enriches the soil. Example- Bacteria, Fungus.

The correct answer is Na.

• The decreasing order of atomic radius is Na (227pm) > P (195pm) > S (180pm) > Cl (175pm).

Explanation:

• When two atoms have the same value of n for the valence electrons, the atom with the greater number of protons will generally have a greater effective nuclear charge to draw the valence electrons closer to the nucleus and, thus, decrease the atomic radius. 
• Since chlorine's 17 protons are greater than sodium's 11 protons, chlorine will have a greater effective nuclear charge to draw chlorine's valence electrons closer to the nucleus and, thus, chlorine is expected to have a smaller atomic radius.
• While sodium with the lower effective nuclear charge is expected to have a larger atomic radius.

Important Points

• In the periodic table, the atomic radius of elements tends to decrease as you move across a row from left to right.
• Ionic radii increase down a group as more shells are added.

Key Points

• Sodium is highly reactive so that it is stored in oil or kerosene because it spontaneously ignites in water.
• At room temperature, sodium metal is soft enough that you can cut it with a butter knife.
• White phosphorus is used in flares and incendiary devices.
• Red phosphorus is in the material stuck on the side of matchboxes, used to strike against safety matches to light them.

The correct answer is Seventh Five Year Plan.

Key Points

• BLUE REVOLUTION
  • The Blue Revolution was first launched in India as the 'Nili Kranti Mission' during the 7th Five Year Plan (1985-1990).
  • Fish Farmers Development  Agency (FFDA) was sponsored by the central government.
  • The Intensive Marine Fisheries Program was subsequently launched during the 8th Five Year Plan (1992-97).
  • As a result, the fishing harbours were later established over time in Vishakhapatnam, Kochi, Tuticorin, Porbandar, and Port Blair.
  • The scheme was restructured by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare along with the Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries into 'Blue Revolution' by merging it with the other ongoing schemes.
  • The scheme was controlled by the National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB).
  • Following were the objectives of the Blue Revolution:
    • ​To triple the production in the marine sector by the year 2020.
    • Utilization of new technologies to transform the fisheries sector into a modern industry.
    • To double the income of fishers by improving the post-harvest activities like marketing through e-commerce, etc.
    • To promote the economically weaker sections of the society.
    • To encourage entrepreneurship development, private investment, and Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in the fisheries industry.

Additional Information

• Other important revolutions related to the agriculture sector are
  • Red Revolution - Meat and Poultry sector; 
  • Pink Revolution - Onion production, Pharmaceuticals, and Prawn production
  • White Revolution - Increasing Milk production
  • Yellow Revolution - Increasing Edible Oilseeds production
  • Green Revolution - Increasing Foodgrains production
  • Golden Revolution - Increasing Horticulture and Honey production
  • Golden Fibre Revolution - Increasing Jute Production

The correct answer is 101st Constitution Amendment Act, 2016.

• 101st Constitution Amendment Act, 2016  introduced the Goods and Services Tax.

Key Points

• GST Bill was first introduced in 2014 as The Constitution (122nd Amendment) Bill.
• Goods and Services Tax is a widespread indirect tax on the manufacture, sale, and consumption of goods and services throughout India.
• GST replaced respective taxes levied by the central and state governments.
• It is an indirect tax for the whole country on the lines of “One Nation One Tax” to make India a combined market.
• GST Council will decide upon any matter related to GST whose chairman is the finance minister of India.
• GST has provisions of:
  • Central GST to cover Excise duty, Service tax.
  • State GST to cover VAT, luxury tax and Integrated GST to cover inter-state trade.
  • IGST is not a tax but a system to coordinate state and union taxes.
  • Article 246A states that States have the power to tax goods and services.

Additional Information

• The Ninety-second Amendment of the Constitution of India is known as The Constitution (Ninety-second Amendment) Act, 2003.
  • It amended the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution.
  • It includes Bodo, Dogri, Maithili and Santali languages and increases the total number of languages listed in the schedule to 22.
• The Constitutional (103rd Amendment) Act got the assent of the President of India on 13th January 2018.
  • It provides reservation of jobs in central government jobs as well as government educational institutions.
  • It applies to citizens belonging to the economically weaker sections from the upper castes.
  • This reservation is "in addition to the existing reservations and subject to a maximum of ten percent of the total seats in each category".
• The Constitutional (73rd Amendment) Act of 1992 came into force in India to provide constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj institutions.

The correct answer is One Chief Election Commissioner and two Election Commissioners.

• The Election Commission was made under the provision of Article 324 of the Indian Constitution.
• Article 324 explains the supervision, direction, and control of elections to be conducted by the Election Commission in India. 
• It was established on 25 January 1950.
• The commission consists of one Chief Election Commissioner and two Election Commissioners.
• The secretariat of the commission is located in New Delhi.
• The President appoints Chief Election Commissioner and Election Commissioners.
• They have a fixed tenure of six years, or up to the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier.
• The Chief Election Commissioner can be removed from office only through a process of removal similar to that of a Supreme Court judge for by Parliament.
• Rajiv Kumar is the current and 25th Chief Election Commissioner of India.