The correct answer is 7.

• The Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly has consisted of 7 members.
• The Drafting Committee had seven members: Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar, N. Gopalaswami; B.R. Ambedkar, K.M Munshi, Mohammad Saadulla, B.L. Mitter and D.P. Khaitan.
• At its first meeting on 30th August 1947, the Drafting Committee elected B.R Ambedkar as its Chairman.
• On 29 August 1947, the Constituent Assembly set up a Drafting Committee under the Chairmanship of Dr B.R. Ambedkar to prepare a Draft Constitution for India.
• While deliberating upon the draft Constitution, the Assembly moved, discussed and disposed of as many as 2,473 amendments out of a total of 7,635 tabled.
• The Constitution of India was adopted on 26 November 1949 and the hon'ble members appended their signatures to it on 24 January 1950.

The correct answer is Comptroller & Auditor General.

• Comptroller & Auditor General is known as the watchdog of Public Finances in India.

Key Points

• The CAG of India is the head of the Indian Audit and Accounts department.
• The CAG of India is known as the Watch Dog of Public Finance or the Guardian of Public Purse.
• Article 148 - The CAG of India.
• The CAG of India holds office for a term of 6 years or until 65 years of age whichever is earlier.
• The CAG of India gives his resignation letter to the President.
• The first CAG of India - V. Narahari Rao.
• The current CAG of India - G. C. Murmu

The correct answer is option Shivalik.

Shivalik range

• There are series of several parallel or converging ranges in the Himalayas.
• The ranges are separated by deep valleys creating a highly dissected topography.
• The southern slopes have steep gradients and northern slopes have comparatively gentler slopes.
• Most of the Himalayan ranges fall in India, Nepal and Bhutan.
• The northern slopes are partly situated in Tibet (trans-Himalayas) while the western extremity lies in Pakistan, Afghanistan and Central Asia.
• The Himalayan ranges are : Shivaliks or outer Himalayas, Lesser or Middle Himalayas, The Greater Himalayas, The Trans Himalayas or Tibetan Himalayas, and the Eastern Hills i.e Purvanchal: A chain of hills in North-East India.

• Shivalik Range or outer Himalayas are located in between the Great Plains and Lesser Himalayas. 

• The altitude of Shivalik Range varies from 600 to 1500 metres.

• It runs for a distance of 2,400 km from the Potwar Plateau to the Brahmaputra valley.

• The southern slopes of Shivalik Range are steep while the northern slopes are gentle.

The correct answer is Qutub-ud-din Aibak.

• Qutubuddin Aibak became the ruler of India after the death of Mohammad Ghori in the year 1206 AD. 
• He founded the Slave Dynasty in India and was also known as Lakh Baksh because of his generosity. 
• He died in the year 1210 AD while playing Chaugan or Polo.

The correct answer is Tundra.

Key Points

• Tundra vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens.
• About Tundra Climate-
  • The Tundra climate has the mean temperature of the warmest month above 0°C but below 10°C.
  • This type of climate is experienced in the areas located near the Arctic and Antarctic Circle.
  • Tundra lands are covered with snow for much of the year.

Additional Information

• Tropical evergreen forests-
  • The tropical evergreen forest also known as tropical rain forests.
  • It usually found in areas receiving more than 200 cm of rainfall and having a monthly mean temperature of 18°C or higher in the coldest months.
  • They occupy about seven percent of the Earth's land surface and harbor more than half of the planet's terrestrial plants and animals.
  • Tropical evergreen forests are dense, multi-layered, and harbour many types of plants and animals.
• Coral Reefs:
  • The Great Barrier Reef, off the coast of Queensland in northeastern Australia, is the largest living thing on Earth, and even visible from outer space.
  • The 2,300km-long ecosystem comprises thousands of reefs and hundreds of islands made of over 600 types of hard and soft coral.
• Mangrove:
  • World’s largest deltaic mangrove forests are found in Sundarbans Reserve Forest.
  • It is situated in Bangladesh.
  • It lies in the delta of Meghna, Brahmaputra, and Ganges rivers.

The correct answer is Article 21.

Key Points

• According to Article 21: “Protection of Life and Personal Liberty: No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.”
• This fundamental right is available to every person, citizens and foreigners alike.
• Article 21 provides two rights:
  • Right to life
  • Right to personal liberty
• The fundamental right provided by Article 21 is one of the most important rights that the Constitution guarantees.
• The Supreme Court of India has described this right as the ‘heart of fundamental rights’. 
• The right specifically mentions that no person shall be deprived of life and liberty except as per the procedure established by law. This implies that this right has been provided against the State only. State here includes not just the government, but also, government departments, local bodies, the Legislatures, etc.

Additional Information

The correct statements are Both of the above.

In News

• World Happiness Report 2024 has been released.

Key Points

• Finland has maintained its position as the world's happiest country for the seventh consecutive year.
• Afghanistan has remained at the bottom of the overall happiness rankings.
• Lithuania has ranked highest for children and young people under 30.
  • Hence, statement no. 1 is correct.
• Denmark has emerged as the happiest nation for individuals aged 60 and older.
  • Hence, statement no. 2 is correct.​
• Rankings have been based on a three-year average of each population’s quality of life assessment, considering factors such as GDP, life expectancy, social support, freedom, generosity, and perceptions of corruption.

Additional Information

• Serbia and Bulgaria have exhibited significant improvements in life evaluation scores, with rank increases of 69 and 63 places respectively since 2013.
• Latvia and Congo (Brazzaville) have also experienced notable rank increases of 44 and 40 places respectively between 2013 and 2024.
• The United States has fallen out of the top 20 happiest countries, driven by a decline in the well-being of Americans under 30.
• Older generations, born before 1965, have generally reported higher levels of happiness compared to those born since 1980.
• Millennials have exhibited a trend of decreasing life evaluation with age, while Boomers have shown increasing life satisfaction as they age.
• The World Happiness Report is a partnership of Gallup, the Oxford Wellbeing Research Centre, the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network, and the WHR’s Editorial Board. The report is produced under the editorial control of the WHR Editorial Board.
• From 2024, the World Happiness Report is a publication of the Wellbeing Research Centre at the University of Oxford, UK.

The correct answer is Tipu Sultan.

Key Points

• The Fourth Anglo-Mysore war was fought between Tipu Sultan and The East India Company in 1798-1799 under General Lord Wellesley.
• Tipu Sultan was killed in the battle.
• However. Soldiers of Mysore continued to fight against adversary forces, creating a challenge for Lord Wellesley.
• Therefore, Lord Wellesley played a diplomatic card whereby he brought a member of the Wodeyar family and was placed over Mysore's throne. This ruler was forced to accept the Subsidiary Alliance Treaty that resulted in indirect control over Mysore.

Additional Information

The Correct Answer is 61st Amendment 1988.

Link : https://legislative.gov.in/constitution-sixty-first-amendment-act-1988

Key Points

• The Constitution (Sixty-first Amendment) Act, 1988, amended the Indian Constitution to lower the voting age for elections to the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies from 21 to 18 years.
• Article 326 of the Constitution, which regulates Lok Sabha and Assemblies elections, was amended to do this.
• The Constitution (Sixty-first Amendment) Act, 1988 was introduced in the Lok Sabha as the Constitution (Sixty-second Amendment) Bill, 1988 on December 13, 1988. (Bill No. 129 of 1988). B. Shankaranand, the then-Minister of Water Resources, launched it.
• Elections to the House of People and the Legislative Assembly of each State must be conducted on the basis of adult suffrage, which means that a person must be at least 21 years old, according to Article 326 of the Constitution.
• The Lok Sabha discussed the bill on the 14th and 15th of December 1988, and it was passed on the 15th, after introducing a formal amendment to replace the term "Sixty-second" in Clause 1 of the bill with "Sixty-first."
• The Rajya Sabha discussed the bill on December 16, 19, and 20, 1988, and passed it on December 20, 1988, after accepting the Lok Sabha's amendment.
• The bill received the presidential assent on 28th March 1989 when the then President R Venkataraman assented it.
• Thus, the act came into force on 28th March 1989.

Important Points

The correct answer is Shangai.

Key Points

• The largest Sea Port in the world is situated in Shangai, China.
• The port is located at the mouth of the Yangtze River.

Important Points

• In India there are currently 13 Major ports and 200 notified minor and intermediate ports.
• The Kolkata Port Trust now known as Syama Prasad Mukherjee Port.
  • Syama Prasad Mukherjee Port is riverine port.