• Prithviraj Chauhan ascended the throne in AD 1178.
• He challenged and defeated Mohammad Ghori in the first battle of Tarain.
• But in the following year, Prithviraj was defeated by Ghori in the second battle of Tarain in AD 1192.

The gravitation force (g) is not the same at different latitudes on the surface. It is greater near the poles and less at the equator. This is because of the distance from the centre at the equator being greater than that at the poles.

The gravity values also differ according to the mass of material. The uneven distribution of mass of material within the earth influences this value. The reading of the gravity at different places is influenced by many other factors. These readings differ from the expected values. Such a difference is called gravity anomaly. Hence, option D is correct.

Writs are constitutional remedies for Citizens against the violation of their fundamental rights which are issued by Supreme Court or High Court of india. Article 32 in the Indian Constitution deals with constitutional remedies under which supreme court has power to issue writ whereas the High Court has the same power under Article 226.

The five types of writs are:

1. Habeas Corpus

2. Mandamus

3. Prohibition

4. Certiorari

5. Quo-Warranto

Mandamus : the literal meaning of this writ is ‘We command’ .This writ is used by the court to order to the public official who has failed to perform his duty or refused to do his duty, to resume his work. Besides public officials, Mandamus can be issued against any public body, a corporation, an inferior court, a tribunal, or government for the same purpose.

The Constitution of India has several salient features which has been borrowed from various constitutions of the world according to the need of India while preparing our own constitution.

Britain

1. Parliamentary government; Rule of Law

2. Legislative procedure

3. Single citizenship; Cabinet system

4. Prerogative writs; Parliamentary privileges; Bicameralism

Ireland

1. Directive Principles of State Policy

2. Nomination of members to Rajya Sabha

3. Method of election of the president

United States of America

1. Impeachment of the president

2. Functions of president and vice-president

3. Removal of Supreme Court and High court judges

4. Fundamental Rights

5. Judicial review

6. Independence of judiciary

7. The preamble of the constitution

Canada

1. Federation with a strong Centre

2. residuary powers in the Centre

3. Appointment of state governors

4. Advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court

Australia

1. Concurrent List

2. Freedom of trade

3. Commerce and intercourse

4. The joint sitting of the two Houses of Parliament

Soviet Constitution (USSR, now Russia)

1. Fundamental duties

2. The ideal of justice (social, economic and political) in the Preamble

France

1. concept of Republic, liberty, equality and fraternity

Weimar Constitution of Germany

1. Suspension of Fundamental Rights during Emergency

South African Constitution

1. Procedure for amendment of the Constitution

2. Election of members of Rajya Sabha

Diuretics are a drug category that is used in the treatment of hypertension, (high blood pressure). It helps rid our body of salt (sodium) and water. Most of them help your kidneys release more sodium into your urine. The sodium takes with it water from your blood, decreasing the amount of fluid flowing through your veins and arteries. This reduces blood pressure.

Phosphorous deficiency causes weak bones and muscles, joint pains, nervous system disorders, obesity, etc. Major sources of phosphorous includes – Milk, yoghurt, soy products, beans, whole grain food products, potatoes, peas, etc. Phosphorous plays an important role in the health of your kidneys, bones, muscles, and blood vessels, as well as each cell in your body.

Nuclear fusion reaction is a result of fusion of nuclei of lighter atoms. When hydrogen nuclei fuse, fusion reaction takes place. Hydrogen bomb is an example of this kind of reaction.

World Thyroid Day is observed every year on 25th May.

• World Thyroid Day was established in 2008.

• It was established by the American Thyroid Association and European Thyroid Association.

• Thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located in middle of lower part of the neck.