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CDS I 2023 English Test - 4
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CDS I 2023 English Test - 4
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  • Question 1/10
    1 / -0.33

    In this section, each item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are given as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labeled as P, Q, R, and S. You are required to find the proper sequence of the four sentences and mark your response accordingly on the Answer Sheet.     

    S1: Intolerance can be very destructive and disturb the country's peace.

    P: Several religious groups or communities are formed, portraying their religion as the best and one that should be followed.

    Q: Some people are forced to practise a particular religion or belief, which makes them intolerant.

    R: This makes the person who follows other religious beliefs intolerant and creates disharmony among religious groups.

    S: Intolerance can be avoided, or reduced by accepting and respecting each person’s religious beliefs, customs, and traditions.

    S6: This will help in bringing communal harmony. Also, peace among nations is most important to bring down intolerance levels.

    Solutions

    The correct answer is "QPRS"

    Key Points

    • Option ‘4’ is the correct answer. While arranging the parts of the sentence given in the options, we have to find some contextual and grammatical relationships between them. So, let's find out these connections.
    • The passage tells us, ‘The country's peace might be seriously disrupted by intolerance." (S1)
    • Statement "Q" because it connects the statement "S1" further. As mentioned here, some people are forced to practice a particular religion or belief, which makes them intolerant.
    • Statements "P" and "R" make mandatory pairs that state that "many religious communities or groups formed, each promoting their religion as the best and the one that should be followed. This creates intolerance in those who belong to different religions and causes conflict between other faiths.’
    • Hence, statement "P" becomes the second part, and statement "R" becomes the third part.
    • Statement "S" follows ‘R’ because it further adds more details about how intolerance can be reduced by accepting and respecting each person's religious convictions, cultural practises, and traditions.
    • ‘S6’ is the concluding statement and follows ‘S’ which states that accepting and respecting each person's religious convictions, will help to promote societal harmony.

    Hence, the sequence of the statements will be: S1QPRSS6

    Correct Sentence:

    • S1: Intolerance can be very destructive and disturb the country's peace.
    • Q: Some people are forced to practise a particular religion or belief, which makes them intolerant.
    • P: Several religious groups or communities are formed, portraying their religion as the best and one that should be followed.
    • R: This makes the person who follows other religious beliefs intolerant and creates disharmony among religious groups.
    • S: Intolerance can be avoided or reduced by accepting and respecting each person’s religious beliefs, customs, and traditions.
    • S6: This will help in bringing communal harmony. Also, peace among nations is most important to bring down intolerance levels.
  • Question 2/10
    1 / -0.33

    In this section, each item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are given as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labeled as P, Q, R, and S. You are required to find the proper sequence of the four sentences and mark your response accordingly on the Answer Sheet.     

    S1: The COVID-19 pandemic and consecutive lockdowns have affected the education system in India.

    P: What they assumed to be holidays and were happy about, turned out to be a disastrous mess.

    Q: Online education is the growing face of the education system in India.

    R: Since people were stuck inside their houses for months, there was no way for kids to continue their studies.

    S: They were deprived of their knowledge, so the government needed to find an alternative, and that alternative was online education.

    S6: Since the New Education Policy (NEP) came into effect in 2020, many changes have been made in the education system that has included online education as well.

    Solutions

    The correct answer is "RPSQ"

    Key Points

    • Option ‘3’ is the correct answer. While arranging the parts of the sentence given in the options, we have to find some contextual and grammatical relationships between them. So, let's find out these connections.
    • The passage starts by telling us that ‘The COVID-19 pandemic and the following lockdowns have had an impact on India's educational sector.(S1)
    • Statement "R" because it connects the statement "S1" further. With people stuck inside their homes for months due to COVID-19, children had no way to continue their studies.
    • Statement "P" follows ‘R’ because it further connects the information provided by ‘R.’ Since people were locked in their homes for months due to COVID-19, there was no way for the children to continue with their studies. What they thought was a holiday and were happy for, turned out to be a disastrous mess.
    • Statement "S" follows ‘P’ because it further connects the information provided by ‘P.’ In order to provide solutions for students’ education because of the lockdown, children were not able to go to school, so they were deprived of their knowledge, so the government needed to find an alternative, and that alternative was online education
    • Statement "Q" follows ‘S’ because it mentions online education for students.
    • ‘S6’ is the concluding statement, which states that In India, the role of online learning in the education system is expanding. Since the New Education Policy (NEP) came into force in 2020, the education system has undergone numerous changes, including those concerning online education.

    Hence, the sequence of the statements will be: S1RPSQS6

    Correct Sentence:

    • S1: The COVID-19 pandemic and consecutive lockdowns have affected the education system in India.
    • R: Since people were stuck inside their houses for months, there was no way for kids to continue their studies.
    • P: What they assumed to be holidays and were happy about, turned out to be a disastrous mess.
    • S: They were deprived of their knowledge, so the government needed to find an alternative, and that alternative was online education.
    • Q: Online education is the growing face of the education system in India.
    • S6: Since the New Education Policy (NEP) came into effect in 2020, many changes have been made in the education system that has included online education as well.
  • Question 3/10
    1 / -0.33

    In this section, each item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are given as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labeled as P, Q, R, and S. You are required to find the proper sequence of the four sentences and mark your response accordingly on the Answer Sheet.     

    S1: Biodiversity is very important for human existence.

    P: As all life, forms are interlinked with each other, one single disturbance can have multiple effects on another.

    Q: Therefore, it is necessary to protect our biodiversity at all costs.

    R: Conservation of biodiversity can be done by educating people to adopt more environment-friendly methods and activities and develop a more harmonious and empathetic nature towards the environment.

    S: If we fail to protect our biodiversity, we can endanger our plants, animals, and environment, as well as human life.

    S6: The involvement and cooperation of communities are very important. The process of continuous protection of Biodiversity is the need of the hour.

    Solutions

    The correct answer is "PSQR"

    Key Points

    •  Option ‘3’ is the correct answer. While arranging the parts of the sentence given in the options, we have to find some contextual and grammatical relationships between them. So, let's find out these connections.
    • The passage starts by telling us that "biodiversity is essential for human survival." (S1)
    • Statement "P" because ‘P’ makes the correct sequence with respect to 'S1.’ Because all life forms are interconnected and can be negatively impacted by one disturbance, biodiversity is essential for human survival.
    • Statement "S" follows ‘P’ because it further connects the information provided by ‘P.’ Our environment, plants, animals, and even human life may be at risk if we don't take steps to preserve our biodiversity.
    • Statement "Q" follows ‘S’ because it further connects the information provided by ‘S.’ In order to prevent endangering humans, plants, animals, and the ecosystem, we must maintain our biodiversity in all circumstances.
    • Statement "R" follows ‘Q’ because it further continues the other problem. By encouraging people to adopt more environmentally friendly habits and to build a more calm and empathetic relationship with the environment, biodiversity can be preserved.
    • ‘S6’ is the concluding statement, which states that it is believed that community cooperation and participation are important for the continuous conservation of biodiversity.

    Hence, the sequence of the statements will be: S1PSQRS6

    Correct Sentence:

    • S1: Biodiversity is very important for human existence.
    • P: As all life, forms are interlinked with each other, one single disturbance can have multiple effects on another.
    • S: If we fail to protect our biodiversity, we can endanger our plants, animals, and environment, as well as human life.
    • Q: Therefore, it is necessary to protect our biodiversity at all costs.
    • R: Conservation of biodiversity can be done by educating people to adopt more environment-friendly methods and activities and develop a more harmonious and empathetic nature towards the environment.
    • S6: The involvement and cooperation of communities are very important. The process of continuous protection of Biodiversity is the need of the hour.
  • Question 4/10
    1 / -0.33

    In this section, each item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are given as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labeled as P, Q, R, and S. You are required to find the proper sequence of the four sentences and mark your response accordingly on the Answer Sheet.     

    S1: India is one of the fastest developing countries, boasting metropolitan cities like Mumbai, Delhi, and Chennai.

    P: During the last two decades; migration from villages and small towns to metropolitan areas has increased tremendously in India.

    Q: The problems faced by the people living in the urban areas of India have become major concerns for the government.

    R: Slums are considered to be the major issue within many urban areas; particularly problems related to transportation, population, health, and safety.

    S: This leads to the degradation of urban environmental quality and sustainable development, especially in metropolitan cities.

    S6: Considering today’s poor urban environmental quality in India, the majority of families affected by urban development projects are located in slum areas which are under consideration for resettlement and/or rehabilitation.

    Solutions

    The correct answer is "PSQR"

    Key Points

    • Option ‘1’ is the correct answer. While arranging the parts of the sentence given in the options, we have to find some contextual and grammatical relationships between them. So, let's find out these connections.
    • The passage starts by telling us that "with major cities like Mumbai, Delhi, and Chennai, India is one of the fastest growing countries.(S1)
    • Statement "P" because it further adds details about migration. ‘P’ makes the correct sequence with respect to 'S1.' ‘Over the past two decades, India has seen a dramatic rise in the number of people moving from rural and small towns to major cities.’
    • Statement "S" follows ‘P’ because it further connects the information provided by ‘P.’ Urban environmental quality and sustainable development are negatively impacted by migration, particularly in metropolitan areas.
    • Statement "Q" follows ‘S’ because it further connects the information provided by ‘S.’ The government is quite concerned about the issues related to migration that citizens residing in metropolitan areas are having.
    • Statement "R" follows ‘Q’ because it further continues the other problem. Slums are seen as the main problem in many metropolitan regions, particularly when it comes to issues with population, transportation, health, and safety.
    • ‘S6’ is the concluding statement, which states that the majority of families affected by urban development projects are located in slum areas that are under consideration for rehabilitation.

    Hence, the sequence of the statements will be: S1PSQRS6

    Correct Sentence:

    • S1: India is one of the fastest developing countries, boasting metropolitan cities like Mumbai, Delhi, and Chennai.
    • P: During the last two decades; migration from villages and small towns to metropolitan areas has increased tremendously in India.
    • S: This leads to the degradation of urban environmental quality and sustainable development, especially in metropolitan cities.
    • Q: The problems faced by the people living in the urban areas of India have become major concerns for the government.
    • R: Slums are considered to be the major issue within many urban areas; particularly problems related to transportation, population, health, and safety.
    • S6: Considering today’s poor urban environmental quality in India, the majority of families affected by urban development projects are located in slum areas which are under consideration for resettlement and/or rehabilitation.
  • Question 5/10
    1 / -0.33

    In this section, each item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are given as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labeled as P, Q, R, and S. You are required to find the proper sequence of the four sentences and mark your response accordingly on the Answer Sheet.     

    S1: An occasional feeling of sadness is something that everyone experiences from time to time.

    P: Still, a persistent loss of interest, a depressed mood, changes in energy levels, and sleeping problems can indicate mental illness. 

    Q: People suffering from depression or other mood disorders must work closely with a mental health professional to get the support they need to recover.

    R: While family members and other loved ones can help you move forward after a depressive episode.

    S: It’s also important that people who have suffered from major depressive disorder see a medical professional to get treatment for both the mental and physical problems that can accompany depression.

    S6: Thankfully, antidepressant medications, therapy, and other types of treatment can be largely helpful for people living with depression.

    Solutions

    The correct answer is "PQRS"

    Key Points

    • Option ‘4’ is the correct answer. While arranging the parts of the sentence given in the options, we have to find some contextual and grammatical relationships between them. So, let's find out these connections. 
    • The passage starts by telling us that ‘Everyone sometimes feels sad; it's a common experience." (S1)
    • Statement "P" follows ‘S1’ because it further connects the information provided by ‘S1.’ that everyone sometimes feels sad; The signs of mental illness can still include a continuous loss of interest, a sad mood, changes in energy levels, and sleep issues.
    • Statement "Q" follows ‘P’ because it further adds the recovered ideas from the mental disorder’ People suffering from depression or other mood disorders should work closely with a mental health professional to get the help they need to recover.
    • Statement "R" follows ‘Q’ because it further connects the information provided by ‘Q.’ After a depressive episode, family members and other close friends can support you in pushing on.
    • Statement "S" follows ‘R’ because it further connects the information provided by ‘R.' Furthermore, those who have experienced major depressive disorder should seek treatment from a medical professional for the physical and mental side effects of depression.
    • 'S6’ is the concluding statement, which states that people with depression can certainly benefit from antidepressant medications, therapy, and other forms of treatment.

    Hence, the sequence of the statements will be: S1PQRSS6

    Correct Sentence:

    • S1: An occasional feeling of sadness is something that everyone experiences from time to time.
    • P: Still, a persistent loss of interest, a depressed mood, changes in energy levels, and sleeping problems can indicate mental illness. 
    • Q: People suffering from depression or other mood disorders must work closely with a mental health professional to get the support they need to recover.
    • R: While family members and other loved ones can help you move forward after a depressive episode.
    • S: It’s also important that people who have suffered from major depressive disorder see a medical professional to get treatment for both the mental and physical problems that can accompany depression.
    • S6: Thankfully, antidepressant medications, therapy, and other types of treatment can be largely helpful for people living with depression.
  • Question 6/10
    1 / -0.33

    In this section, each item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are given as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labeled as P, Q, R, and S. You are required to find the proper sequence of the four sentences and mark your response accordingly on the Answer Sheet.                      

    S1: Even today, unemployment is one of India’s most crucial socio-economic problems.

    P: It can be voluntary or involuntary.

    Q: Unemployment is defined as a person who is not gainfully employed in a productive activity.

    R: Such people are usually not considered unemployed since their work is voluntary.

    S: Voluntary unemployment refers to a person being unemployed by choice and not by compulsion.

    S6: Involuntary unemployment refers to people who are capable and willing to do a job but are unable to find work. 

    Solutions

    The correct answer is "QPSR"

    Key Points

    • Option ‘3’ is the correct answer. While arranging the parts of the sentence given in the options, we have to find some contextual and grammatical relationships between them. So, let's find out these connections.
    • The passage starts by telling us that "unemployment continues to be one of India's most serious socioeconomic issues." (S1)
    • Statement "Q" follows ‘S1’, because it further connects the information provided by ‘S.’ to define unemployment.
    • Statement "P" follows ‘Q’ because it further connects the information provided by ‘Q.’ Unemployment may be either voluntary or involuntary.
    • Statement "S" follows ‘P’ because it further connects the information provided by ‘P.’ When someone is unemployed voluntarily, they are doing so out of choice instead of compulsion.
    • Statement "R" follows ‘S’ because it further connects the information provided by ‘P.’ A person who is unemployed voluntarily— as opposed to being forced to be—does so. Since their employment is voluntary, such individuals are typically not regarded as unemployed.
    • 'S6’ is the concluding statement, which mentions the second type of unemployment: people who are capable and want to work but are unable to find employment are said to be involuntarily unemployed.

    Hence, the sequence of the statements will be: S1QPSRS6

    Correct Sentence:

    • S1: Even today, unemployment is one of India’s most crucial socio-economic problems.
    • Q: "Unemployment" is defined as a person who is not gainfully employed in a productive activity.
    • P: It can be voluntary or involuntary.
    • S: Voluntary unemployment refers to a person being unemployed by choice and not by compulsion.
    • R: Such people are usually not considered unemployed since their work is voluntary.
    • S6: Involuntary unemployment" refers to people who are capable and willing to do a job but are unable to find work. 
  • Question 7/10
    1 / -0.33

    In this section, each item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are given as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, Q, R and S. You are required to find the proper sequence of the four sentences and mark your response accordingly on the Answer Sheet.                      

    S1: Village life is very different from the city life; people love to live in the village for some reasons. 

    P: The people are very friendly here.

    Q: The first reason is food quality. You will find all types of fresh vegetables, fruits, and fish here in the village. 

    R: And that’s almost impossible in the city.

    S: I am sharing these reasons with you here.

    S6: You can make friends with anyone. They are ready to spend time with you too. 

    Solutions

    The correct answer is "SQRP"

    Key Points

    •  Option ‘4’ is the correct answer. While arranging the parts of the sentence given in the options, we have to find some contextual and grammatical relationships between them. So, let's find out these connections.
    • The passage starts by telling us that ‘Village living is considerably different from city life, and for various reasons, people want to live there." (S1)
    • Statement "S" follows ‘S1’, because here, are the reasons that make village life different from city life. People prefer to live in villages for a number of reasons, some of which I will discuss here. Village life is considerably different from city life.
    • Statement "Q" follows ‘S’ because it further connects the information provided by ‘S.’ The food's quality is the primary factor. In this village, you may find all kinds of fresh fruits, vegetables, and fish.
    • Statement "R" follows ‘Q’ because it further connects the information provided by ‘Q.’ Food quality is the primary reason. In contrast to the city, where it is nearly hard to buy seasonal food, you can find all kinds of vegetables, fruits, and fish here in the village.
    • Statement "P" follows ‘R’ because it further adds the second reason that makes village life different from city life. In the village, everyone is very friendly.
    • 'S6’ is the concluding statement, and follows P, which states that everyone in the village is quite friendly. Anyone can become your friend. They are ready to interact with you as well.

    Hence, the sequence of the statements will be: S1SQRPS6

    Correct Sentence:

    • S1: Village life is very different from the city life; people love to live in the village for some reasons. 
    • S: I am sharing these reasons with you here.
    • Q: The first reason is food quality. You will find all types of fresh vegetables, fruits, and fish here in the village. 
    • R: And that’s almost impossible in the city.
    • P: The people are very friendly here.
    • S6: You can make friends with anyone. They are ready to spend time with you too. 
  • Question 8/10
    1 / -0.33

    In this section, each item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are given as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, Q, R and S. You are required to find the proper sequence of the four sentences and mark your response accordingly on the Answer Sheet.                      

    S1: Digital India is a massive campaign that the Government of India launched in the year 2015.

    P: The objective was to make government services easily available to citizens electronically by improving the online infrastructure all over the country.

    Q: This campaign was launched by the government of India to promote the use of technology in India.

    R: It helps to reach out to the masses and encourages them to use technology in their daily lives.

    S: The process would be structured to increase internet connectivity and make the country digitally empowered.

    S6: It will be a very profitable approach because it relieves the burden of spending time on paperwork and allows people to dedicate their time to other aspects of government. 

    Solutions

    The correct answer is "QPSR"

    Key Points

    • Option ‘3’ is the correct answer. While arranging the parts of the sentence given in the options, we have to find some contextual and grammatical relationships between them. So, let's find out these connections.
    • The passage starts by telling us that ‘Digital India is a huge campaign that was started by the Government of India in the year 2015." (S1)
    • Statement "Q" follows ‘S1’, because it further connects the statement ‘S1.’ The government of India launched a massive campaign known as "Digital India" in 2015 in an attempt to promote the use of technology in India.
    • Statement "P" follows ‘Q’ because it further connects the information provided by ‘S.’ The aim of this campaign, which was started by the Indian government to encourage the use of technology in India, was to make government services easily accessible to residents online by enhancing the online infrastructure all over the entire nation.
    • Statement "S" follows ‘P’ because it further adds more details about the "campaign." By enhancing the nationwide online infrastructure, the objective was to make it simple for residents to access government services electronically. The procedure would be designed to improve internet connectivity and give the nation digital empowerment.
    • Statement "R" follows ‘S’ because it further connects the information provided by ‘S. The procedure would be set up to enhance internet connectivity and provide the nation with digital empowerment. This helps in reaching out to the general public and motivating them to use technology in their daily lives.
    • 'S6’ is the concluding statement, which states that this campaign will be very successful because it relieves individuals from having to spend time on paperwork and allows them to focus on other areas of government.

    Hence, the sequence of the statements will be: S1QPSRS6

    Correct Sentence:

    • S1: Digital India" is a massive campaign that the Government of India launched in 2015.
    • Q: This campaign was launched by the government of India to promote the use of technology in India.
    • P: The objective was to make government services easily available to citizens electronically by improving the online infrastructure all over the country.
    • S: The process would be structured to increase internet connectivity and make the country digitally empowered.
    • R: It helps to reach out to the masses and encourages them to use technology in their daily lives.
    • S6: It will be a very profitable approach because it relieves the burden of spending time on paperwork and allows people to dedicate their time to other aspects of government. 
  • Question 9/10
    1 / -0.33

    In this section, each item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are given as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, Q, R and S. You are required to find the proper sequence of the four sentences and mark your response accordingly on the Answer Sheet.

    S1: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, also known as the ‘Father of the Nation."

    P: He was a social reformer and a freedom warrior who worked hard to free Bharat from the hands of the British Raj.

    Q: His ideology of ‘Ahimsa’ meaning not to injure anyone was highly appreciated and was also followed by many great personalities around the globe.

    R: His belief was based on the principles of ‘Ahimsa’ (non-violence). 

    S: October 2nd is celebrated to honour him in the name of Gandhi Jayanti.

    S6: And his fame and respect for his ideologies still resonate not only in India but across the world as well.

    Solutions

    The correct answer is "SPRQ"

    Key Points

    • Option ‘2’ is the correct answer. While arranging the parts of the sentence given in the options, we have to find some contextual and grammatical relationships between them. So, let's find out these connections.
    • The passage starts by telling us that ‘Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi is also known as the "Father of the Nation." (S1)
    • Statement "S" follows ‘S1’, because it further connects the statement ‘S1.’ October 2 is celebrated as Gandhi Jayanti in honour of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, also known as the "Father of the Nation."
    • Statement "P" follows ‘S’ because it further connects the information provided by ‘S’ He was a social reformer and a freedom fighter who fought bravely to free Bharat from the rule of the British Raj.
    • Statement "R" follows ‘P’ because it further adds more details about ‘Gandhi’s beliefs, which were based on the concepts of non-violence.
    • Statement "Q" follows ‘R’ because it further connects the information provided by ‘R.’ His ideology of "Ahimsa," which stands for non-violence and means to do no violence to anyone, was greatly admired and was also embraced by many notable figures around the world.
    • Statement ‘S6’ follows ‘Q’ which makes mandatory pairs, here we are discussing the fame of Mahatma Gandhi, His fame and respect for his ideals continue to resonate not just in India but also in other parts of the world.
    • S6’ is the concluding statement, which states that his philosophy of "Ahimsa," which means to do no harm to others, was well-liked and followed by many notable figures around the world, and his fame and respect for his ideals continue to resonate not just in India but also in other parts of the world.

    Hence, the sequence of the statements will be: S1SPRQS6

    Correct Sentence:

    • S1: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, also known as the ‘Father of the Nation."
    • S: October 2nd is celebrated to honour him in the name of Gandhi Jayanti.
    • P: He was a social reformer and a freedom warrior who worked hard to free Bharat from the hands of the British Raj.
    • R: His belief was based on the principles of ‘Ahimsa’ (non-violence). 
    • Q: His ideology of ‘Ahimsa’ meaning not to injure anyone was highly appreciated and was also followed by many great personalities around the globe.
    • S6: And his fame and respect for his ideologies still resonate not only in India but across the world as well.
  • Question 10/10
    1 / -0.33

    In this section, each item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth sentences are given as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, Q, R and S. You are required to find the proper sequence of the four sentences and mark your response accordingly on the Answer Sheet.                      

    S1: Air pollution is a rising concern in today’s society and environment.

    P: Additionally, the Montreal Protocol is an international agreement to protect the ozone layer from deteriorating chemicals.

    Q: This pollution can lead to negative effects on humans, the environment, and all living things on Earth.

    R: The negative effects of air pollution can lead to the deterioration of the ozone layer.

    S: It is caused by the pollution of chemicals produced by human factors, industries, cars, etc.

    S6: it has been signed by 197 countries to protect the ozone layer.

    Solutions

    The correct answer is "SQRP"

    Key Points

    • Option ‘2’ is the correct answer. While arranging the parts of the sentence given in the options, we have to find some contextual and grammatical relationships between them. So, let's find out these connections.
    • The passage starts by telling us that ‘Air pollution is a growing concern in today's society and environment.’ (S1)
    • Statement "S" follows ‘S1’, because it further connects the statement ‘S1.’ Today's society is increasingly concerned about air pollution, which is brought on by chemical pollution from human activity, industries, transportation, etc.
    • Statement "Q" follows ‘S’ because it further connects the information provided by ‘S’. It is caused by the pollution of chemicals created by human activities such as industry, vehicles, etc., which can have a harmful impact on both humans and other living things as well as the environment.
    • Statement "R" follows ‘Q’ because it further adds more details that are mentioned in ‘S.’ The negative effects of air pollution can cause the ozone layer to deteriorate, which seems to have detrimental effects on humans, the environment, and all other living things on Earth.
    • Statement "P" follows ‘R’ and Statement ‘P’ follows ‘S6’ which makes mandatory pairs because here, we are discussing the Montreal Protocol, an international agreement to protect the ozone layer from chemicals that deplete it. To protect the ozone layer, 197 countries have signed this agreement.
    • 'S6’ is the concluding statement, which states that "197 countries have signed the Montreal agreement, which aims to protect the ozone layer."

    Hence, the sequence of the statements will be: S1SQRPS6

    Correct Sentence:

    • S1: Air pollution is a rising concern in today’s society and environment.
    • S: It is caused by the pollution of chemicals produced by human factors, industries, cars, etc.
    • Q: This pollution can lead to negative effects on humans, the environment, and all living things on Earth.
    • R: The negative effects of air pollution can lead to the deterioration of the ozone layer.
    • P: Additionally, the Montreal Protocol is an international agreement to protect the ozone layer from deteriorating chemicals.
    • S6: it has been signed by 197 countries to protect the ozone layer. 
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