The correct answer is D. While introducing a new topic, a teacher should ask questions which relates the topic to be studied with what students already know.

Prior knowledge of the students is considered the most important factor influencing learning and student achievement. Prior knowledge of the students reduces the cognitive load that leads to better learning engagements.

Prior knowledge lays a base or foundation for learning new ideas. Children make sense of new ideas and experiences with ease during teaching and learning process basing on prior knowledge, and this strengthens their foundation for learning.

Giving punishment, whether it is verbal or non-verbal, to the children results in damaging their self-concept. Self-perception is needed for one’s self-concept, self-knowledge, self-esteem, and social self. Any students have the wisdom to self-evaluation and self-improvement.

Reflective level is also known as the introspective level. It develops insight into the learners. It means giving careful thought to something over a period of time. It involves deep thinking about something. It is considered to be the highest level at which teaching is carried out.

Permissive child-rearing style permits the child to make many decisions before the child is ready. Uninvolved child-rearing style is indifferent to the child’s decision making and point of view, authoritative child-rearing permits the child to make decisions in accord with readiness and authoritarian child-rearing style rarely listens to the child’s point of view.

Activity-based methods are the most appropriate method to create interest among students. It encourages students to actively participate in the teaching-learning process through experience or practical activities.