Kunwar Singh led the Indian Rebellion of 1857 in Bihar. He was nearly eighty and in failing health when he was called upon to take up arms. He was assisted by both his brother, Babu Amar Singh and his commander-in-chief, Hare Krishna Singh.

Hence option A is the correct answer.

The regiments of Bengal Native Infantry, alongside the regiments of Bengal European Infantry, were the regular infantry components of the East India Company's Bengal Army from the raising of the first Native battalion in 1757 to the passing into law of the Government of India Act 1858 (as a direct result of the Indian Mutiny).

Hence option D is the correct answer.

Causes of Failure of the revolt of 1857

1. The revolt was eventually not successful in ousting the British from the country because of several factors.
2. The sepoys lacked one clear leader; there were several. They also did not have a coherent plan by which the foreigners would be routed.
3. Indian rulers who aided the revolt did not envision any plan for the country after the British were defeated.
4. Majorly northern India was affected by this revolt. The three presidencies of Bengal, Bombay and Madras remained mostly unaffected. The Sikh soldiers also did not take part in the rebellion.

Hence option C is the correct answer.

List of British Officials Associated with 1857 Revolt

INTRODUCTION OF SOCIO-RELIGIOUS CAUSES

The British government's attempt to interfere in the social and religious life of the Indians led to the widespread fear among the masses. The main socio-religious causes of the first war of independence included: 

• Interference with social customs; 
• Apprehensions about modern innovations; 
• Policy of racial discrimination; 
• Corruption in administration; 
• Oppression of the poor; 
• Activities of missionaries; 
• Fears regarding western education; 
• Taxing religious places; and 
• Law of property.

One of the alleged causes, which is not religious discriminations of the Indian Rebellion of 1857, were rumours that the grease on these cartridges designed to keep them dry was, variously, pork or beef fat (pork being abhorrent to the Muslims, cows being sacred to the Hindus), thus their refusal to bite them.

Hence option D is the correct answer.

From the end of 1857, the British had begun to gain ground again. Lucknow was retaken in March 1858. On 8 July 1858, a peace treaty was signed and the rebellion ended. The last rebels were defeated in Gwalior on 20 June 1858. By 1859, rebel leaders Bakht Khan and Nana Sahib had either been slain or had fled.

Hence option C is the correct answer.

The Indian Rebellion of 1857 had diverse political, economic, military, religious and social causes.

• An uprising in several sepoy companies of the Bengal army was sparked by the issue of new gunpowder cartridges for the Enfield rifle February, 1857. Many sepoys believed that the cartridges were greased with cow and pig fat. Loading the Enfield required tearing open the greased cartridge with one's teeth. This would have insulted both Hindu and Muslim religious practices; cows were considered holy by Hindus, while pigs were considered unclean by Muslims.
• The pay of the sepoy was relatively low and after Awadh and the Punjab were annexed, the soldiers no longer received extra pay (batta or bhatta) if posted there, because this was no longer considered "foreign service".
  
• Some historians have suggested that the impact of British economic and social 'reforms' has been greatly exaggerated, since the Company did not have the resources to enforce them, meaning that away from Calcutta their effect was negligible.
  

Hence option D is the correct answer.

The issue of greased cartridges and military grievances has been over-emphasized, as the factor for the Revolt of 1857. The British had abandoned its policy of non-interference in the socio-religious life of the Indians like Abolition of Sati (1829), Hindu Widow Remarriage Act (1856), allowing Christian missionaries and the modification in Religious Disabilities Act of 1850 which envisages that the change in religion would not debar a son from inheriting the property of his heathen father. 

Hence, A is the correct option.

The Religious Disabilities Act of 1850 was a law passed in British India under East India Company rule that abolished all laws affecting the rights of persons converting to another religion or caste. The new Act allowed Indians who converted from one religion to other religion equal rights under no law, especially in the case of inheritance. 

Hence, C is the correct option.

• Following his involvement in the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British exiled him to Rangoon in British-controlled Burma (now in Myanmar), after convicting him on several charges. Zafar's father, Akbar II, had been imprisoned by the British and he was not his father's preferred choice as his successor.
• From Kanpur, Nana Saheb escaped to Bithoor. The British took possession of his palace in Bithoor but could not get hold of Nana himself. In 1858, Nana's associates Rani Laxmibai and Tatya Tope proclaimed him as the Peshwa at Gwalior. By 1859, he was believed to have escaped to Nepal.
  
• During a siege of the fort of Jhansi, Bai offered stiff resistance to the invading forces and did not surrender even after her troops were overwhelmed. She was later killed in combat after having successfully assaulted Gwalior.
  
• One of the most outstanding leaders of India's First War of Independence, Tatya Tope, was hanged to death on April 18, 1859 at Shivpuri, Madhya Pradesh.
  

Hence option B is the correct answer.

• Indian Mutiny, also called Sepoy Mutiny or First War of Independence, widespread but unsuccessful rebellion against British rule in India in 1857–59. Begun in Meerut by Indian troops (sepoys) in the service of the British East India Company, it spread to Delhi, Agra, Kanpur, and Lucknow.
• On May 10, 1857 when English soldiers advanced from Merut and Ambala to attack Delhi, they had to fight a fierce battle with Gulab Singh Saini and his dare-devil native army. Having completely routed the English army and having made them flee for their lives, he thus played significant role in the coronation of Bahadur Shah Zafar once again as the emperor of India.

Hence option C is the correct answer.

Kanpur was revolted against British East India Company under the leadership of Nana Sahib, Rao Sahib (nephew of Nana), Tantia Tope, Azimullah Khan (advisor of Nana Sahib).  

Hence option D is the correct answer.

Impact of Revolt of 1857

Sir Hugh Rose, commanding the British forces, demanded the surrender of the city; if this was refused it would be destroyed. After due deliberation the Rani issued a proclamation: "We fight for independence. In the words of Lord Krishna, we will if we are victorious, enjoy the fruits of victory, if defeated and killed on the field of battle, we shall surely earn eternal glory and salvation." She defended Jhansi against British troops when Sir Hugh Rose besieged Jhansi on 23 March 1858.

Hence option C is the correct answer.

The Indigo revolt (or Nil bidroha) was a peasant movement and subsequent uprising of indigo farmers against the indigo planters that arose in Chaugacha village of Nadia in Bengal in 1859. Indigo revolt was the first revolt to take place after the Revolt of 1857.

Hence option D is the correct answer.

Political Factors (Political causes of Revolt of 1857 in points).

1. a) Due to the British expansionist policies, most of the Raja’s, Nawab’s and the zamindar’s, were either dispossessed from their state or became subsidiary to the British. b) The East India Company (EIC) had a planned way of expansionism and many Indian states easily fell prey to the policies of the East India Company. c) The policy of Trade and Commerce subjugated the state, the policy of indirect subordination (subsidiary alliance), policy of war and annexation, policy of direct subordination (doctrine of lapse), policy of misgovernance (in which Awadh was annexed). d) These policies greatly hampered the interests of the rulers of the native states, and they one by one became victims of British expansionism. e) Therefore, those rulers, who lost their states to the British, were naturally against the British and took sides against them during the revolt. f) However, some of the rulers were in active connivance and collaborated with the British in suppressing the revolt.

2. The period of Dalhousie (1848-1856) is marked as a major factor in the revolt of 1857. A famous policy under his period was ‘Doctrine of Lapse’. Under this, many states, like Satara, Jaitpur, Sambhalpur, Jhansi, were captured by the British who expanded recklessly. Thus the political factors, i.e. expansionary policy of the British greatly contributed towards the revolt of 1857. 3. The other factor was that Indian judges were not allowed to try the criminal cases of Europeans- thus discrimination was at all levels.

During the revolt of 1857, Allahabad and Banaras were revolted under the leadership of Maulvi Liyakat Ali and the revolt was ended when British officer Colonel Oncell captured Banaras. 

Hence, C is the correct option.

The regiments of Bengal Native Infantry, alongside the regiments of Bengal European Infantry, were the regular infantry components of the East India Company's Bengal Army from the raising of the first Native battalion in 1757 to the passing into law of the Government of India Act 1858 (as a direct result of the Indian Mutiny).

Hence option B is the correct answer.

The aging Bahadur Shah was neither a brave general not an astute leader of people. Many native Indian states, influenced by the example of powerful Hyderabad, did not join the revolt. Sikh soldiers of the Punjab area remained loyal to the British throughout. 

Hence, A is the correct option because both A and R is true and R is the correct explanation of A.

• Mysore was not ‘annexed’ under the ‘doctrine of Lapse’.

• Mysore state did not have a ‘natural heir’ and it was not annexed under the ‘doctrine of lapse’ by the ‘East India Company’.  
• This was because one of its queens of the Wodeyar Dynasty had cursed the royal family that they shall never have any heir in the state for carrying the dynasty forward.  
• This was probably the reason that a royal couple of the ‘Wodeyar Dynasty’ did not have an heir to the throne of their own.  
• They adopted the sons of other royal kingdoms with whom they had good relationships for being the successor of the ‘Wodeyar Dynasty’.

Hence option C is the correct answer.