•  While arranging the parts of the passage, we have to find some grammatical or contextual connections between them-
  • R follows sentence 1 as it mentions the diet of the coyote which is similar to that of its relatives(mentioned in sentence 1).
  • Next is Q as it further describes its diet. The word 'however' is used to give a dissimilarity between the diets.
  • After that is P as it mentions how coyotes live, which again is a similarity between coyotes and its relatives.
  • Last is S as it gives another dissimilarity between coyotes and wolves, with respect to pack size. 

Correct order- The coyote is a relative of the dog, wolf and jackal. Like its relatives, it is a predator and mostly eats other mammals. It will, however, eat a wide variety of foods, including insects, fruits and vegetables. Like the wolf, coyotes live in groups, or packs. The pack is usually smaller in number than a wolf pack. All members of the pack are usually related.

Explanation   

• The word 'Covert' means not openly shown, engaged in, or avowed.
• The synonyms of the word are "cloistered, hidden, isolated, quiet, remote, retired, secluded, secret, sheltered."
• From the options, the word 'Overt' means open to view.
• Hence, we can say that 'Inferior' is nearly opposite in meaning to the given word.

Important Point

• The word 'covert' is derived from Middle English, from Anglo-French, past participle of 'coverir' means to cover.
• Its first known use as an adjective in the 14th century and as a noun also in the 14th century.
• Examples of 'covert' in a sentence:
  • "America is to disburse $1 billion in state aid to Ethiopia this year, more if covert stuff is included."
  • "No overt or covert operations inside Israel shall be tolerated."

Key-Points

• Sentence D is the sentence that establishes the subject matter. Hence, it'll be the first sentence after rearrangement.
• Sentence C gives details about the sequence which can happen after Sentence C. Hence, C follows D.
• Sentence B is the logical successor of Sentence C as it says about the behaviour of the subject ‘I’. Therefore, B follows C.
• Sentence A follows Sentence B as it helps to provide a conclusion to the paragraph.

Additional Information

• There are three different types of Para Jumble questions.
• In the first type, in the question, simply 4 or 5 sentences are given, which need to be rearranged into a paragraph.
• In the second type, the opening sentence and closing sentence are already fixed.
• In the third type, questions are asked after the jumbled sentences. This type usually only comes in banking exams.

Explanation:

• C is the sentence that establishes the subject matter. Hence, it'll be the first sentence after rearrangement.
• The next statement must be B as it tells us further about how catechins, found in green tea, are beneficial to our body.
• The next statement must be D as it mentions research about increasing the effectiveness of green tea.
• And lastly, statement A recommends us to serve our friends green tea.

Thus, the correct arrangement would be: CBDA

Key-Points

• Sentence D is the sentence that establishes the subject matter. Hence, it'll be the first sentence after rearrangement.
• Sentence C gives details of the subject matter. Hence, C follows D.
• Sentence B is the logical successor of Sentence C as it talks about the dress-up of ‘men’, mentioned in Sentence C.
• Sentence A follows Sentence B as it helps to provide a conclusion to the paragraph.

Important Point

• Para Jumbles are jumbled paragraphs.
• Basically, you are given a paragraph - but the sentences are not in the right order.
• It's up to you to untie this knot and rearrange the sentences so that they logically make sense.

Explanation:

• ​If two actions take place in the past in succession, the structure is given below:
  • ​1st action- Past perfect tense i.e Sub + had + V3 + Obj.
  • 2nd action- Simple past tense i.e Sub+ V2 + Obj.
• For example:
  • The patient had passed away before the surgeon arrived.
• According to the rule and the example given above, 'had spent' will be used instead of 'had spend' in the 1st part of the sentence.

Correct Sentence: My brother had spent the entire sum of money before I could purchase a laptop for my cousin.

Additional Information

• The following phrases are followed by past indefinite/simple tense:
  • ​It's high time, It's Time, It's about time, etc.​
• Example: It's high time I started preparing for my final exams.

When converting direct speech to indirect speech, the maybe was incorporated by adding the verb ‘suggested’. The conjunction ‘that’ is added.

Thus the sentence will be,

Melissa + added verb ‘suggested’ + ‘that’ added conjunction+ Maria should stand for the 2020 Presidential elections.

Thus option 3 is the correct option i.e. Melissa suggested that Maria should stand for the 2020 Presidential elections.

The given sentence is in the Passive voice, as the form of the verb ('have been issued' and 'have not been heeded') shows that something is done to its subject and it was 'passive'.

Therefore, it has to be changed to the Active voice, where the subject does something and is ‘active’.

In order to do that,

1. The verb should be changed from the Passive voice to the Active voice (‘have been issued’ to ‘issued’ and 'have not been heeded' to 'have not heeded')

2. The subject in the Passive voice becomes the object in the Active voice, while the object becomes the subject. In the Passive voice, the subject for the first verb is 'repeated warnings' and the object is 'us'. In the Active voice, the subject will be 'we' and the object will be 'repeated warnings'. Similarly, for the second verb, in the Passive voice, the subject is warnings (referred to by 'they') while the object, even though not mentioned, is the tax defaulters. In the Active voice, the subject will be tax defaulters (now referred to by 'they') and the object will be warnings (now referred to by 'them').

Thus, the sentence in Active voice will be 'We have issued repeated warnings to tax defaulters, but they have not heeded them'.

It is Option 2 that observes the above rules.

Meanings of the given options are-

• Antiseptic means preventing the growth of disease-causing microorganisms.
• Antidote means a medicine taken or given to counteract a particular poison.
• Anesthetic means a substance used in surgery to produce unconsciousness. 
• Cocaine means an addictive drug derived from coca or prepared synthetically, used as an illegal stimulant and sometimes medicinally as a local anaesthetic.

Explanation:

• ​The verbs/adjectives/phrases given below are followed by 'V₁ + ing':
  •  with a view to, addicted to, given/taken to, prone to, in addition to, look forward to, owing to, etc.
• For example:
  • ​I look forward to have a great time with you.✖
  • I look forward to having a great time with you.✔
• According to the rule and the example given above, 'saying' will be used instead of 'say' in the 2nd part of the sentence.

Correct Sentence: The comedian is prone to saying offensive things during her stand-up routine.

Mistake Point

• ​​​Though 'V₁' is used after 'to infinitive' but these verbs/phrases are exceptions. 
• Hence this point must be kept in mind while attempting these kinds of questions.