● Battle of Talikota results in the rout of Vijayanagar Empire.

● The Battle of Talikota was a battle fought between the Vijayanagar Empire and the Deccan Sultanates.

● The defeat in the Battle resulted in major military, economic and prestige loss for Vijayanagara empire.

● H. D. Deve Gowda was the first prime minister that was a member of Rajya Sabha.

● He is the National President of the Janata Dal (Secular) party.

● He was the 11th Prime Minister of India from 1 June 1996 to 21 April 1997

* Ministry of Human Resource Development has been renamed as Ministry of Education.

* The Union Cabinet has approved the change in the name of the ministry.

* The HRD Ministry is currently headed by Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank.

● England won the final Wisden Trophy against West Indies.

● It was first awarded in 1963 and the last Wisden Trophy series took place in England in 2020.

● This trophy is named after the famous cricketing publisher Wisden.

● The Wisden Trophy will be replaced by the Richards–Botham Trophy.

KR Narayan was the oldest person to hold the office of President.

• He was 9^th vice president and 10^th President of country.

• Neelam Sanjeeva Reedy was the youngest person to be a President.

• Pratibha Patil was the first and only female president of India.

• APJ Abdul Kalam was 11^th President of India and served from 2002 to 07.

● The resistance of the ammeter used in series is very low.

● Resistance is a measure of the opposition to current flow in an electrical circuit and measured by using ohmmeter.

● An ammeter is a measuring instrument used to measure the current in a circuit.

• Directive Principles of State Policies are referred as ‘instrument of instructions’ for government.

• They are mentioned in Part IV of the constitution from Article 36 to 51.

Directive Principles of State Policy are generally divided into three types –

• Socialistic Principles- includes Articles 38, 39, 39A, 41, 42, 43, 43A and 47.

• Gandhian Principles- includes Articles 40, 43, 43B, 46, 47, 48

• Liberal-Intellectual Principles- includes Articles 44, 45, 48, 48A, 49, 50 and 51.

* In July 2020, the NITI Aayog's Atal Innovation Mission (AIM), in partnership with Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Wadhwani Foundation has launched AIM iCREST.

* This is a first of its kind initiative for advancing innovation at scale in India.

* It is a major initiative to encourage and enable progress in the incubator ecosystem across the country.

* Under the initiative, the AIM's incubators are set to be upscaled and provided requisite support to foster the incubation enterprise economy, that will help them to significantly enhance their performance.

● Indo-Gangetic Plains are separated from the Deccan Plateau by Satpura Ranges.

● Pachmarhi is a hill station in Madhya Pradesh state of central India and it is also known as the queen of Satpura.

● Dhupgarh is the highest point of this range with a height of 1350 metre.

ANFO, PETN, TNT, Dynamite, Nityoglycerin, Picric Acid, etc. are classified under high explosives.

Explosives are generally divided into four categories-

1. Primary Explosives-generally used for detonation

2. Low explosives-slow combustion and burns only at surface, fireworks are its example.

3. High explosives-more powerful, detonated by primary explosives.

4. Nuclear Explosives- associated with nuclear fuel.

* “High explosive” means explosive which is characterised by a very high rate of reaction, development of high pressure, and presence detonation wave, but does not include fireworks and safety fuse.