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In the following questions out of the four/five alternatives, choose the one which is best express the meaning of the given word.
Sprightly
Sprightly - (especially of an old person) lively; full of energy. blithe - showing a casual and cheerful indifference considered to be callous or improper. jaunty - having or expressing a lively, cheerful, and self-confident manner. benevolent - well-meaning and kindly.
In the following questions, choose the word opposite in meaning to the given word.
Flagitious
Flagitious - criminal; villainous. virtuous - having or showing high moral standards. profligate - recklessly extravagant or wasteful in the use of resources.
Avow
Avow - assert or confess openly. renounce - formally declare one's abandonment of (a claim, right, or possession). profess - claim that one has (a quality or feeling), especially when this is not the case.
Expostulate
Expostulate - express strong disapproval or disagreement. laud - praise (a person or their achievements) highly. residue - a small amount of something that remains after the main part has gone or been taken or used.
Petulant
Petulant - (of a person or their manner) childishly sulky or bad-tempered. pleasant - giving a sense of happy satisfaction or enjoyment. stubborn - difficult to move, remove, or cure. perverse - showing a deliberate and obstinate desire to behave in a way that is unreasonable or unacceptable. perplexed - completely baffled; very puzzled.
Directions For Questions
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.
Superstitions are a universal phenomena having their own peculiar place in the cultural ethos and milieu of a people. They epitomize man's fear of the unknown, fear of evil, blind faith in omens and portents. Superstitions are inter-woven with myth, legend, unnatural phenomena and disaster, customs and traditions, and are mainly the outcome of ignorance. They are unreasoned and irrational beliefs that gradually become matters of faith. When certain things and happenings are rationally inexplicable people tend to assign mysterious and supernatural reasons for their operation. Thus a natural disaster is explained in terms of God's wrath and the failure of one's project is assigned to the black cat which crossed the path just as one set out on the errand. The primitive human beings were mainly governed by superstitions. Superstitions were widespread before the dawn of civilization when science had not advanced. Thus, ignorance of the primitive people and the resultant growth of superstitions were the direct outcome of the lack of scientific advancement. Unenlightened people always tend to be superstitious. The belief in the sanctity of time and old traditions of the ancestors bind the people into knots of superstitious thought. Besides, the unscrupulous priests and religious officials exercise a dominating, unhealthy effect upon the people believing in religious orthodoxy. They encourage superstitions for their own ulterior motives. Superstitions are not only universally prevalent but even have strikingly common features whether believed in India or in as far off a place as Canada. There are some common superstitions which are shared by people all over the world. Beliefs in spirits, ghosts and witches and reincarnation are quite common among all the peoples of the world. Belief in witches still prevails in India, France, Scotland, England and many other countries. In countries of the East, especially in India, belief in ghosts and spirits still exists. The cries of certain birds like owls and ravens and the howl of cats are regarded with superstition as portents of evil throughout the world. Then there is a very common belief that the sighting of comets portends the death of kings or great men or some unforeseen catastrophe. Shakespeare refers to such a superstition in his Julius Ceaser, Halley's Comet in the twentieth century evoked a similar response in many a mind.
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What is the main reason behind once superstitions?
The correct answer is 'Option 1', i.e., 'Ignorance'. In the first paragraph of the above passage, it is given that, 'Superstitions are inter-woven with myth, legend, unnatural phenomena and disaster, customs and traditions, and are mainly the outcome of ignorance'.
Who were mainly governed by superstitions?
The correct answer is 'Option 3', i.e., 'Primitive Human Beings'. In the second paragraph, it is given that 'The primitive human beings were mainly governed by superstitions'.
Which of the following is INCORRECT with respect to passage?
The correct answer is 'Option 3', i.e, 'superstitions are unreasoned and rational beliefs'. According to the passage, 'They are unreasoned and irrational beliefs that gradually become matters of faith'.
According to passage which of the following is not regarded as a superstition by the people?
The correct answer is 'Option 2', i.e, 'cries of children'. It is mentioned in the passage that, 'Howl of cats, crossing of path by black cat and sighting of comets are treated as superstition by people across the world'.
What can only be the effective counter of superstition?
The correct answer is 'Option 4', i.e., 'a broad light of scientific discovery'. Among the given options, 'A broad light of scientific discovery' can can only be the effective counter of superstition.
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