The correct answer is United States of America.

Key Points

• The authors of the Constitution took inspiration from other international constitutions for a number of its aspects.
• The American Constitution served as a template for India's Fundamental Rights.
• Other significant elements, such as the Written Constitution, the President's role as the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, and others, are drawn from the constitutions of other nations.
• Fundamental rights are basic rights provided to the people in order to live with dignity and integrity.
• They are protected by the Indian Constitution's Part III.
• Other elements taken from the US constitution include
  • an independent judiciary and judicial review,
  • impeachment of the president,
  • removal of justices from the Supreme Court and High Court, and
  • the Vice-presidential position.

Additional Information

• Elements taken from the Australian constitution include:
  • Concurrent list
  • Freedom of trade
  • Commerce and intercourse
  • Joint sitting of the Upper and Lower House.
• Elements taken from the British constitution include:
  • Parliamentary form of Government
  • Rule of law
  • Legislative procedure
  • Single Citizenship
  • Cabinet system
  • Prerogative writs
  • Bicameralism
• Elements taken from the Ireland constitution include:
  • Directive Principles of State Policy
  • Nomination of Rajya Sabha members
  • Method of election of the President

The correct option is the refraction of light.

CONCEPT:

• Refraction: The phenomenon by which a ray of light bends its path when it travels from one transparent medium to another is called refraction of light.
• The bending happens because the speed of light varies in different mediums.
• Refractive index: The ratio of the speed of light in the air to the speed of light in the medium is called the refractive index. More will be the ratio of refractive index between two mediums more will be the bending of light. 
• Atmospheric Refraction: The different layers of the atmosphere have a different refractive indexes. The ray of light coming from some outer space changes continuously bends its path while passing through different atmospheric layers. 

EXPLANATION:

• The atmosphere of the earth is made of different layers.
• It is affected by winds, varying temperatures, and different densities as well.
• When light from a distant source (a star) passes through our turbulent (moving air) atmosphere, it undergoes refraction many times.
• When we finally perceive this light from a star, it appears to be twinkling.
• This is because some of the light rays reach us directly and some bend away from and toward us. It happens so fast that it gives a twinkling effect.

Important Points

• This twinkling effect does not happen to the sun or moon because they are very close to the earth and appear big.
• Stars are very far and appear to us as point size. So, the twinkling effect is visible.

∵ Base area of cone = π(radius)² & Volume of cone = (1/3)π × (radius)² × height

⇒ The volume of cone = (1/3) × base area × height

Now, Volume of small cone = 12π cm³

⇒ 12π = 1/3 × 4π × Height

⇒ Height of small cone = 9 cm

Similarly, Volume of large cone = 96π cm³

⇒ 96π = 1/3 × 16π × Height

⇒ Height of large cone = 18 cm

∴ Height of remaining solid figure = Height of large cone – Height of small cone = 18 – 9 = 9 cm

The logic follows here:

BATTER is coded as TERTAB

Hence, the correct answer is "MANECI".

Concept:

Even: Any number in which digits at once place is 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8.

For example 2, 48, 1000 are even number.

Calculation:

Given number series is

1 - 1 + 1 - 1 + 1 - 1......

We can see that numbers changes sign at every position and, the sign of numbers in alternate place are same. Hence,

Sum of first two terms

= 1 - 1 = 0

Sum of next two terms

= 1 - 1 = 0

We can see that sum of every pair is zero.

∴ For an even number of total terms, the value of the series will be zero.

The logic follows here is:

When the mirror is placed on the line MN, the left side and right side changed vice-versa where the top and bottom remain the same.

Thus, the correct mirror image of the given figure will be:

Hence, the correct answer is "Option 3".

Additional Information

In Mirror image left side and right side changed vice-versa where top and bottom remain the same.

Reflection of an object into the water is its water image. It appears by inverting an object vertically i.e. upside down.

The water image of the figure looks like mirror image of the figure in case the mirror is horizontally at the bottom of the figure.

Water image is just a reflection where top and bottom part of the images changed where left and right side of the image remain same.

Mistake Points

Both option 2 and 4 are different, Please check the difference below:

Formula used:

SI = P * R * T / 100SI = P * R * T / 100

A = P(1 + R/100)^T

Where:

P = Principal amount

R = Rate of interest

T = Time period 

Calculation:

Simple Interest from Shashank: 

Using the given values Profit made by Vishal:

⇒ SI = 2500 * 4 * 2 / 100 SI = Rs. 200

S o Vishal owes Shashank Rs. 2500 (principal) + Rs. 200 (simple interest) = Rs. 2700.

Compound Interest from Abhishek: is compounded

⇒ A = 2500 * (1 + 8/100)² A = 2500 * (1 + 0.08)²

⇒ A = 2500 * 1.08² A = 2500 * 1.1664 A ≈ Rs. 2,916

∴ Vishal receives Rs. 2,916 from Abhishek.

Profit from the Transaction: Profit = Amount received from Abhishek - Amount owed to Shashank

Profit = Rs. 2916 - Rs. 2700 Profit = Rs. 216

The profit made by Vishal in the transaction is Rs. 216.

The logic followed is:

Given statements:

Uneducated people are exploited by others in society.

The statement is talking about uneducated people and how they are exploited by others in the society.

Conclusions 1: People take advantage of uneducated people only → In the statement it is talking about the exploitation of uneducated people by others in the society, nowhere it is mentioned about the only they are exploited by them no one else other is exploited. 

Thus conclusion I does not follows.

Conclusions 2: Educated people exploit uneducated persons in society → It is not related to the given statement. We cannot assume anything on our own. There is no detail about educated people is mentioned so the given conclusion will not follow.

Hence, the correct answer is "Neither Conclusion I nor II follows".

Important Points

If definitive words like all, always, at least, only, exactly, and so on are used, then such words make the conclusion invalid.

Additional Information

• If there are two or more sentences that are used to frame a statement, then, the sentences must be interrelated, and mutual contradiction should be there.
• Do not look for truthful notions. The information provided in the statement is the only requirement for a student to answer the question. No assumptions must be made.
• Read the statement carefully and look for keywords that are common between the statement and the conclusions.
• If there is more than one conclusion that is applicable to the statement, students must ensure that the conclusions they opt for have some relation with each other.

The correct answer is 73%.

Key Points

• Census of 2011:-
  • As per the 2011 census, the literacy rate of India is 74.04 %.
    • Male literacy rate = 82.14%.
    • Female literacy rate = 65.46%.
  • The top five states and UTs where the literacy rate is the highest are:
    • Kerala (94%)
    • Lakshadweep (91.8%)
    • Mizoram (91.3%)
    • Goa (88.7%)
    • Tripura (87.2%).
  • Among the State/UTs, the male and female literacy rate is highest in Kerala (male: 96.11%, female 92.07%) and lowest in Bihar (male: 71.2%, female: 51.5%).

The correct answer is Liver fluke - Nematoda.

Key Points

• Liver Fluke - 
  • The scientific name of liver fluke is Fasciola hepatica.
  • The life history of liver fluke involves two hosts (Digenetic parasitic).
  • Primary host - Sheep and goat
  • Secondary host - Garden snail (Planorbis, Lymnea)
  • Liver fluke belongs to the phylum Platyhelminthes, not Nematoda.
  • Liver fluke is a parasitic flatworm that infects the liver of its primary host, which is usually a sheep or goat.

Additional Information

• Sycon - Porifera
  • Sycon is a sponge that belongs to the phylum Porifera.
  • The common name of the Sycon is Crown Sponge.
  • All sponges have a canal system that consists of the Ostia, spongocoel, and osculum.
  • Canal system is one of the most important features of sponges.
  • The canal system is a network of canals that connect the spongocoel to the outside via ostia.
  • It helps in nutrition, respiration, and excretion processes.
• Prawns - Arthropoda
  • Prawn is a common name for small aquatic crustaceans with an exoskeleton and ten legs (i.e. a member of the order decapoda), some of which can be eaten.
  • They belong to the kingdom Animalia and order Arthropoda.
• ​Starfish - Echinodermata
  • Starfish belongs to the phylum Echinodermata group.
  • Echinodermata are so named owing to their spiny skin (from the Greek “echinos” meaning “spiny” and “dermos” meaning “skin”).
  • Echinodermata are exclusively marine organisms. Sea stars, sea cucumbers, sea urchins, sand dollars, and brittle stars are all examples of echinoderms.